Avoiding Coral Reef Functional Collapse Requires Local and Global Action
Avoiding Coral Reef Functional Collapse Requires Local and Global Action
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2013.04.020
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发表时间：
2013-05-20
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Mumby, Peter J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kennedy, Emma V.;Perry, Chris T.;Mumby, Peter J.
珊瑚礁面临着多种人为威胁，从污染和过度捕捞到温室气体排放的双重影响：海水温度上升和海洋酸化[1]。虽然近几十年来珊瑚的丰度有所下降[2，3]，但对人类的影响难以量化，因为它们取决于生态系统功能而不是珊瑚本身。大多数珊瑚礁的功能和生态系统服务是建立在珊瑚礁通过净碳酸盐积累维持其三维结构的能力上的[4]。珊瑚生长仅构成珊瑚礁碳酸盐预算的一部分;生物侵蚀过程在确定净结构生长和分解之间的平衡方面具有影响力[5，6]。在这里，我们将联合收割机生态模型与碳酸盐预算相结合，并使用最新一代的气候模型来驱动加勒比海珊瑚礁的动态。预算重建使用记录的生态扰动驱动器浅（6-10米）加勒比前礁对越来越脆弱的碳酸盐平衡。然后，我们预测了2080年的碳酸盐预算，并对比了当地保护和全球气候变化行动的好处。在温室气体排放“一切照旧”的情况下，当地对渔业（特别是禁止捕捞的海洋保护区）和流域的管理可以将珊瑚礁的丧失推迟至少十年。然而，地方行动必须与低碳经济相结合，以防止珊瑚礁结构和相关生态系统服务的退化。
Coral reefs face multiple anthropogenic threats, from pollution and overfishing to the dual effects of greenhouse gas emissions: rising sea temperature and ocean acidification [1]. While the abundance of coral has declined in recent decades [2, 3], the implications for humanity are difficult to quantify because they depend on ecosystem function rather than the corals themselves. Most reef functions and ecosystem services are founded on the ability of reefs to maintain their three-dimensional structure through net carbonate accumulation [4]. Coral growth only constitutes part of a reef's carbonate budget; bioerosion processes are influential in determining the balance between net structural growth and disintegration [5, 6]. Here, we combine ecological models with carbonate budgets and drive the dynamics of Caribbean reefs with the latest generation of climate models. Budget reconstructions using documented ecological perturbations drive shallow (6-10 m) Caribbean forereefs toward an increasingly fragile carbonate balance. We then projected carbonate budgets toward 2080 and contrasted the benefits of local conservation and global action on climate change. Local management of fisheries (specifically, no-take marine reserves) and the watershed can delay reef loss by at least a decade under "business-as-usual" rises in greenhouse gas emissions. However, local action must be combined with a low-carbon economy to prevent degradation of reef structures and associated ecosystem services.