Energy and air pollution benefits of household fuel policies in northern China
Energy and air pollution benefits of household fuel policies in northern China
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1904182116
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发表时间：
2019-08-20
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Tao, Shu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Meng, Wenjun;Zhong, Qirui;Tao, Shu
除了最近采取的许多减少能源生产、工业和交通排放的行动外，北京、天津和中国北方的其他26个城市还发起了一项新的运动，以电力或天然气取代住宅固体燃料，旨在解决该地区严重的环境空气污染。定量分析表明，该运动可以显著加快住宅能源转型，如果计划目标能够实现，预计到2021年，超过60%的家庭将不再使用固体燃料，而没有该运动的家庭则不到20%。主要空气污染物排放量将大幅减少。随着60%的替代实现，预计到2021年，初级PM2.5的排放量和对环境PM2.5浓度的贡献将分别为未开展活动的30%和41%。通过60%的替代，预计冬季起居室的平均室内PM2.5浓度将从209（190至230）μ g/m（3）降至125（99至150）μ g/m（3）。考虑到60%或100%的替代可以实现，人口加权PM2.5浓度可以从2014年的140 μ g/m3降至2021年的78 μ g/m3或61 μ g/m3。虽然该运动最初的重点是解决环境空气质量问题，但减少暴露更多地来自改善室内空气质量，因为农村人口每天暴露的90%可归因于室内空气污染。妇女比男子受益更多。
In addition to many recent actions taken to reduce emissions from energy production, industry, and transportation, a new campaign substituting residential solid fuels with electricity or natural gas has been launched in Beijing, Tianjin, and 26 other municipalities in northern China, aiming at solving severe ambient air pollution in the region. Quantitative analysis shows that the campaign can accelerate residential energy transition significantly, and if the planned target can be achieved, more than 60% of households are projected to remove solid fuels by 2021, compared with fewer than 20% without the campaign. Emissions of major air pollutants will be reduced substantially. With 60% substitution realized, emission of primary PM2.5 and contribution to ambient PM2.5 concentration in 2021 are projected to be 30% and 41% of those without the campaign. With 60% substitution, average indoor PM2.5 concentrations in living rooms in winter are projected to be reduced from 209 (190 to 230) mu g/m(3) to 125 (99 to 150) mu g/m(3). The population-weighted PM2.5 concentrations can be reduced from 140 mu g/m(3) in 2014 to 78 mu g/m(3) or 61 mu g/m(3) in 2021 given that 60% or 100% substitution can be accomplished. Although the original focus of the campaign was to address ambient air quality, exposure reduction comes more from improved indoor air quality because similar to 90% of daily exposure of the rural population is attributable to indoor air pollution. Women benefit more than men.