Sex-Biased Population Admixture Mediated Subsistence Strategy Transition of Heishuiguo People in Han Dynasty Hexi Corridor.
Sex-Biased Population Admixture Mediated Subsistence Strategy Transition of Heishuiguo People in Han Dynasty Hexi Corridor.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fgene.2022.827277
复制
发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Wen S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xiong J;Du P;Chen G;Tao Y;Zhou B;Yang Y;Wang H;Yu Y;Chang X;Allen E;Sun C;Zhou J;Zou Y;Xu Y;Meng H;Tan J;Li H;Wen S
河西走廊是古代中国与中亚、西亚文化交流和人类迁徙的重要场所。在汉代(公元前202年-公元前220年)，走廊沿线的生存战略从牧业转变为牧农混合经济。然而，人们对这一转变的驱动因素仍知之甚少。本研究对位于河西走廊中心的黑水国遗址31名汉代个体的Y染色体和线粒体DNA进行了分析。对485个Y-SNPs和有丝分裂染色体进行了高分辨率分析，将黑水国人群分为汉族早期和汉族晚期两组。结果表明：(1)解剖遗传谱系时，黄河流域起源单倍群(Oα-M117、Oβ-F46、Oγ-IMS-JST002611和O2-P164+、M134-)在父系基因库中出现的频率较高，而起源于东北亚的单倍群(如D4、D5)在母系中占优势；(2)在主成分分析和Fst热图的种群间比较中，黑水国种群随着时间的推移，从汉族南部-北部跃层向西北-西北汉族/回族北部跃层转移，表明黄河移民与原住民的遗传混杂。相比之下，在母体mtDNA观点中，黑水国群体与某些蒙古语和西北汉族群体紧密地聚在一起，并表现出贯穿汉代的遗传连续性，这表明黑水国女性起源于当地或邻近地区。因此，在黑水国种群中观察到了性别偏见的混杂模式。此外，遗传等值线图还显示，汉代同样以男性为主的移民从东部迁移到河西走廊。这与历史记载，特别是出土的竹简也是一致的。结合历史记载、考古发现、稳定同位素分析和古环境研究，我们对黑水国人口的单亲遗传调查揭示了这些东部群体带来的男性主导的迁徙和生活方式的调整可能是影响汉代河西走廊沿线生存战略转变的主要因素。
The Hexi Corridor was an important arena for culture exchange and human migration between ancient China and Central and Western Asia. During the Han Dynasty (202 BCE–220 CE), subsistence strategy along the corridor shifted from pastoralism to a mixed pastoralist-agriculturalist economy. Yet the drivers of this transition remain poorly understood. In this study, we analyze the Y-chromosome and mtDNA of 31 Han Dynasty individuals from the Heishuiguo site, located in the center of the Hexi Corridor. A high-resolution analysis of 485 Y-SNPs and mitogenomes was performed, with the Heishuiguo population classified into Early Han and Late Han groups. It is revealed that (1) when dissecting genetic lineages, the Yellow River Basin origin haplogroups (i.e., Oα-M117, Oβ-F46, Oγ-IMS-JST002611, and O2-P164+, M134-) reached relatively high frequencies for the paternal gene pools, while haplogroups of north East Asian origin (e.g., D4 and D5) dominated on the maternal side; (2) in interpopulation comparison using PCA and Fst heatmap, the Heishuiguo population shifted from Southern-Northern Han cline to Northern-Northwestern Han/Hui cline with time, indicating genetic admixture between Yellow River immigrants and natives. By comparison, in maternal mtDNA views, the Heishuiguo population was closely clustered with certain Mongolic-speaking and Northwestern Han populations and exhibited genetic continuity through the Han Dynasty, which suggests that Heishuiguo females originated from local or neighboring regions. Therefore, a sex-biased admixture pattern is observed in the Heishuiguo population. Additionally, genetic contour maps also reveal the same male-dominated migration from the East to Hexi Corridor during the Han Dynasty. This is also consistent with historical records, especially excavated bamboo slips. Combining historical records, archeological findings, stable isotope analysis, and paleoenvironmental studies, our uniparental genetic investigation on the Heishuiguo population reveals how male-dominated migration accompanied with lifestyle adjustments brought by these eastern groups may be the main factor affecting the subsistence strategy transition along the Han Dynasty Hexi Corridor.