Cognition and control in schizophrenia: A computational model of dopamine and prefrontal function
Cognition and control in schizophrenia: A computational model of dopamine and prefrontal function
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00116-x
复制
发表时间：
1999-08-01
影响因子：
10.6
通讯作者：
Cohen, JD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Braver, TS;Barch, DM;Cohen, JD
精神分裂症患者在广泛的认知领域中遭受的行为缺陷可以被概念化为认知控制的失败，这是由于内部表征、维护和更新上下文信息的能力受损。一种理论描述了这些干扰的单一神经生物学机制，涉及多巴胺神经递质系统和前额皮质之间的功能失调相互作用。具体来说，假设在精神分裂症中，多巴胺系统活动中的噪音增加，导致信息进入前额皮质的异常“门控”。该理论是作为一个明确的连接主义计算模型来实现的，该模型结合了多巴胺和前额皮质在认知控制中的作用。一个模拟的行为表现在一个版本的连续性能测试特别适应于测量认知控制功能的关键方面。精神分裂症患者在这项任务中表现出明显的行为缺陷，这反映了维护和更新上下文信息的障碍。模拟结果表明，该模型可以成功地解释这些异常多巴胺活性方面的损伤。这一理论为精神分裂症的神经生物学和心理学方面的研究提供了一个潜在的联系点，说明了一种特定的生理障碍如何可能导致行为的精确和可量化的后果。生物精神病学1999；[4]中华医学会精神病学分会。
Behavioral deficits suffered by patients with schizophrenia in a wide array of cognitive domains can be conceptualized as failures of cognitive control, due to an impaired ability to internally represent, maintain, and update context information. A theory is described that postulates a single neurobiological mechanism for these disturbances, involving dysfunctional interactions between the dopamine neurotransmitter system and the prefrontal cortex. Specifically, it is hypothesized that in schizophrenia, there is increased noise in the activity of the dopamine system, leading to abnormal "gating" of information into prefrontal cortex. The theory is implemented as an explicit connectionist computational model that incorporates the roles of both dopamine and prefrontal cortex in cognitive control. A simulation is presented of behavioral performance in a version of the Continuous Performance Test specifically adapted to measure critical aspects of cognitive control function. Schizophrenia patients exhibit clear behavioral deficits on this task that reflect impairments in both the maintenance and updating of context information. The simulation results suggest that the model can successfully account for these impairments in terms of abnormal dopamine activity. This theory provides a potential point of contact between research on the neurobiological and psychological aspects of schizophrenia, by illustrating how a particular physiological disturbance might lead to precise and quantifiable consequences for behavior. Biol Psychiatry 1999;46:312-328 (C) 1999 Society of Biological Psychiatry.