Lucid Dreaming: Intensity, But Not Frequency, Is Inversely Related to Psychopathology
Lucid Dreaming: Intensity, But Not Frequency, Is Inversely Related to Psychopathology
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00384
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发表时间：
2018-03-22
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Soffer-Dudek, Nirit
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Aviram, Liat;Soffer-Dudek, Nirit
清醒梦(LD)是在梦的状态下意识到自己在做梦。然而，一些人也依赖于控制梦事件来定义和评估LD，尽管控制只存在于清醒梦的一个子集中。LD被认为是幸福的象征，甚至被用作治疗剂。相反，LD与混合睡眠-觉醒状态有关，后者与奇怪的认知、压力和精神病理学有关，并被解释为唤醒渗透和干扰睡眠。我们认为，先前关于学习障碍与精神病理学和幸福感之间关系的相互矛盾的发现，源于对频率和控制的无差别评估。本研究旨在编制LD若干特征的扩展测量工具(频率和强度清晰梦问卷；FIRD)，并探讨它们与症状学的关系。本科生(N=187)自我报告特质学习困难、精神病理(抑郁、焦虑、强迫症状、分离和分裂)、压力和睡眠问题；2个月后，亚样本(n=78)再次报告精神病理，并连续14天每天早上完成梦境日记。初步证据支持FIRD的信度和效度。项目集中在四个领域：频率、强度(例如，控制力、活跃性、做梦的确定性)、情感价位和诱导技术的使用。我们报告了一个最佳频率截断值，以确定那些可能在2周内经历LD的人。虽然LD频率与精神病理无关，但LD强度和积极的LD情绪与几种精神病理症状呈负相关。故意诱导技术的使用与精神病理学和睡眠问题呈正相关。此外，我们通过采用前瞻性纵向设计证明了方向性，表明刻意的LD诱导预示着在2个月内分离性和分裂型症状的增加。我们的结论是，清晰度不应该被认为是幸福的必然暗示；LD可以是积极的，也可以是负面的，这取决于清晰度的特征。此外，刻意的学习障碍诱导可能隐藏着负面的长期风险。
Lucid dreaming (LD) is awareness that one is dreaming, during the dream state. However, some define and assess LD relying also on controlling dream events, although control is present only in a subset of lucid dreams. LD has been claimed to represent well-being, and has even been used as a therapeutic agent. Conversely, LD is associated with mixed sleep-wake states, which are related to bizarre cognitions, stress, and psychopathology, and have been construed as arousal permeating and disrupting sleep. We propose that previous conflicting findings regarding relations between LD and both psychopathology and well-being, stem from the non-differentiated assessment of frequency and control. The present study aimed to develop an expansive measure of several LD characteristics (the Frequency and Intensity Lucid Dream questionnaire; FILD), and explore their relations with symptomatology. Undergraduate students (N = 187) self-reported trait LD, psychopathology (depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, dissociation, and schizotypy), stress, and sleep problems; 2 months later, a subsample (n = 78) reported psychopathology again, and also completed a dream diary each morning for 14 days. Preliminary evidence supports the reliability and validity of the FILD. Items converged into four domains: frequency, intensity (e.g., control, activity, certainty of dreaming), emotional valence, and the use of induction techniques. We report an optimal frequency cutoff score to identify those likely to experience LD within a 2-week period. Whereas LD frequency was unrelated to psychopathology, LD intensity, and positive LD emotions, were inversely associated with several psychopathological symptoms. Use of deliberate induction techniques was positively associated with psychopathology and sleep problems. Additionally, we demonstrated directionality by employing a prospective-longitudinal design, showing that deliberate LD induction predicted an increase in dissociation and schizotypy symptoms across 2 months. We conclude that lucidity should not be considered as necessarily suggestive of well-being; LD may be positive or negative, depending on lucidity characteristics. Additionally, deliberate LD induction may harbor negative long-term risk.