Insights from the sea: structural biology of marine polyketide synthases.

Insights from the sea: structural biology of marine polyketide synthases.
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DOI:
10.1039/c2np20016c
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发表时间:
2012-10
影响因子:
11.9
通讯作者:
Smith JL
Smith JL
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Akey DL;Gehret JJ;Khare D;Smith JL

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世界海洋是天然产品的丰富来源,具有极其有趣的化学性质。一些生物合成途径已经被研究出来,有趣的途径酶的晶体结构正在丰富这个故事。到目前为止,海洋生物合成途径的最大数量的结构见解起源于对curacin A的研究,curacin A是有趣的海洋化学的典范,具有环丙烷和噻唑啉环,内部顺式双键和末端烯烃。使用curacin A途径作为模型,现在可以获得一种具有显着的双脱羧酶和乙酰转移酶活性的新型装载酶的结构细节,一种通过构象变化决定底物结合顺序的Fe 2 +/α-酮戊二酸依赖性卤化酶,一种建立环丙烷形成区域化学的脱羧酶,以及一种对导致末端烯烃卸载的β-硫酸化底物具有特异性的硫酯酶。四个curacin A途径的脱氢酶揭示了内在的灵活性,可以容纳庞大的或僵硬的聚酮中间体。在盐孢菌酰胺A途径中,活性位点体积决定了催化卤化结构单元合成的卤化酶的卤化物特异性。一些推定的聚酮环化酶的结构可能有助于理解反应机制和底物特异性,尽管它们的底物目前尚不清楚。
The world’s oceans are a rich source of natural products with extremely interesting chemistry. Biosynthetic pathways have been worked out for a few, and the story is being enriched with crystal structures of interesting pathway enzymes. By far, the greatest number of structural insights from marine biosynthetic pathways has originated with studies of curacin A, a poster child for interesting marine chemistry with its cyclopropane and thiazoline rings, internal cis double bond, and terminal alkene. Using the curacin A pathway as a model, structural details are now available for a novel loading enzyme with remarkable dual decarboxylase and acetyltransferase activities, an Fe2+/α-ketoglutarate-dependent halogenase that dictates substrate binding order through conformational changes, a decarboxylase that establishes regiochemistry for cyclopropane formation, and a thioesterase with specificity for β-sulfated substrates that lead to terminal alkene offloading. The four curacin A pathway dehydratases reveal an intrinsic flexibility that may accommodate bulky or stiff polyketide intermediates. In the salinosporamide A pathway, active site volume determines the halide specificity of a halogenase that catalyzes for the synthesis of a halogenated building block. Structures of a number of putative polyketide cyclases may help in understanding reaction mechanisms and substrate specificities although their substrates are presently unknown.
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