The Pelagic Ecosystem
The Pelagic Ecosystem
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-54304-8_11
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Raghukumar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Raghukumar
50多种浮游植物被“寄生原生生物”以及属于卵菌和壶菌的真菌感染和杀死。许多真菌寄生虫是专性寄生虫，可以调节浮游植物种群。共生、互惠和寄生真菌，包括酵母、卵菌和破囊壶菌，存在于中型浮游动物、鱼类和哺乳动物中。真菌，特别是破囊壶菌，在水柱中活跃而丰富，并显示季节性动态。酵母菌的多样性在沿海沃茨很高，在海洋中减少。一些宏基因组研究揭示了新的真菌谱系在远洋，其中许多可能是picoeukaryotic。破囊壶菌的种群数量在<1 × 103 ~ 600 × 103细胞L− 1海水中变化很大。它们在生产季节结束时达到峰值密度，并与POC有关。在浮游POM中发现了活跃生长的真菌菌丝。酵母菌群可能与浮游植物水华有关。破囊壶菌和丝状真菌的繁殖表现出“繁荣或萧条”的现象。它们的生物量通常可以忽略不计，但偶尔可能与细菌相媲美。水柱中的破囊壶菌和非游动壶菌可能是浮游动物重要的营养来源。真菌在浅水底栖生物中可能非常活跃。
More than 50 species of phytoplankton are infected and killed by “parasitoid protists” as well as fungi belonging to oomycetes and chytrids. Many fungal parasites are biotrophic, obligate parasites and may regulate phytoplankton populations. Commensalistic, mutualistic, and parasitic fungi, including yeasts, oomycetes, and thraustochytrids, are found in mesozooplankton, fish, and mammals. Fungi, particularly thraustochytrids, are active and abundant in the water column and display seasonal dynamics. Yeast diversity is high in coastal waters and decreases in the oceans. Several metagenomic studies have revealed novel fungal lineages in the pelagic, many of which may be picoeukaryotic. Thraustochytrid populations vary widely from <1 to 600 × 103celles L−1seawater. They achieve peak densities towards the end of productive seasons and are related to POC. Actively growing fungal hyphae are found in pelagic POM. Yeast populations may be related to phytoplankton blooms. Abundance of thraustochytrids, as well as filamentous fungi, displays a “boom or bust” phenomenon. Their biomass is often negligible but may occasionally rival that of bacteria. Thraustochytrids and aplanochytrids in the water column might serve as important sources of nutrition for zooplankton. Fungi may be highly active in shallow water benthic.