THE GROWTH AND NUTRITION OF CRITHIDIA-FASCICULATA
THE GROWTH AND NUTRITION OF CRITHIDIA-FASCICULATA
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DOI：
10.1099/00221287-18-3-621
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发表时间：
1958-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
DUTTA, BN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
KIDDER, GW;DUTTA, BN
确定了锥虫鞭毛虫 C. fasciculata 在化学成分确定的培养基中大量无菌培养的条件。相对于此前公布的培养基的改进包括更高浓度的氨基酸、叶酸（叶酸是蝶啶的唯一来源）和嘌呤，以及包含苏氨酸和吐温 80。通过在倾斜位置的试管中培养液体培养物来增加氧合作用。在这些条件下，获得了持续良好的生长（高达 2 x 10°生物体/ml），并且有效的培养期可以缩短至 4 天。使用改进的培养基，对生物体的营养需求进行了定性和定量研究。当基础培养基中缺少以下任何一种氨基酸时，生长失败：组氨酸、苯丙氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、缬氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸、酪氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸。苏氨酸的缺失导致生长速度急剧下降和产量降低。发现苯丙酮酸可以替代苯丙氨酸；半胱氨酸、胱硫醚或同型半胱氨酸可以替代蛋氨酸；对于 C. fasciculata，瓜氨酸（但不能是鸟氨酸）可以替代精氨酸。除了氨基酸需求之外，还证明了以下营养需求：碳水化合物、血红素、嘌呤、硫胺素、核黄素、泛酸、烟酸或其酰胺、吡哆醛或吡哆胺、生物素、叶酸和非结合蝶啶（生物蝶呤）。在摩尔基础上，天然嘌呤及其核苷和核苷酸在促进生长方面几乎是相同的。还测试了许多取代的嘌呤满足嘌呤需求的能力。只要存在叶酸，核酸合成就不需要外源嘧啶。如果存在胸腺嘧啶和蛋氨酸，则可以从生长培养基中省略叶酸。如果不使用抗生物素蛋白，则无法在现有培养基中证明对生物素的绝对需求。
The conditions for luxuriant axenic cultivation of the trypanosomid flagellate C. fasciculata in chemically defined media were determined. Improvements over the hiterto published media include higher concentrations of amino acids, folic acid (where this is the sole source of pteridine), and purines and the inclusion of threonine and Tween 80. Increased oxygenation was obtained by incubating liquid cultures in tubes in a sloped position. Under these conditions consistently excellent growth (up to 2 x 10[degree] organisms/ml) was obtained and the useful incubation period could be decreased to 4 days. Using the improved medium, qualitative and quantitative studies on the nutritional requirements of the organism were carried out. Growth failed when any one of the following amino acids was omitted from the basal medium histidine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, lysine, arginine, tyrosine, methionine, tryptophan. The omission of threonine caused drastically decreased growth rates and lower yields. It was found that phenylpyruvic acid could replace phenylalanine; cysteine, cystathionine or homocysteine could replace methionine; and citrulline, but not ornithine, could replace arginine for C. fasciculata. In addition to the amino acid requirements a nutritional need for the following was demonstrated: a carbohydrate, haemin, a purine, thiamine, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid or its amide, pyridoxal or pyridoxamine, biotin, folic acid and an unconjugated pteridine (biopterin). The natural purines, their nucleosides and nucelotides are nearly equivalent, on a molar basis, in growth promotion. Numerous substituted purines were also tested for their ability to supply the purine requirement. No exogenous source of pyrimidine for nucleic acid synthesis is necessary provided folic acid is present. Folic acid can be omitted from the growth medium provided thymine and methionine are present. The absolute requirement for biotin could not be demonstrated in the present medium without the use of avidin.