Stimulatory drugs of abuse in surface waters and their removal in a conventional drinking water treatment plant
Stimulatory drugs of abuse in surface waters and their removal in a conventional drinking water treatment plant
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DOI：
10.1021/es800768h
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发表时间：
2008-09-15
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Ventura, Francesc
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Huerta-Fontela, Maria;Galceran, Maria Teresa;Ventura, Francesc
在西班牙的饮用水处理厂（DWTP）中，对用于饮用水生产的原沃茨和成品饮用水中存在的精神活性刺激药物进行了评价。还研究了为该DWTP提供原水的流域的污染。在地表沃茨中，检测到可卡因、苯甲酰芽子碱（可卡因代谢物）、安非他明、甲基安非他明、摇头丸（摇头丸）和MDA等非法药物，平均浓度范围为4至350纳克/升。在一个真实的水厂中考察了这些化合物在饮用水处理过程中的消除情况。苯丙胺类兴奋剂（除二亚甲基双氧安非他明）完全删除预氯化，絮凝，砂滤步骤，产生的浓度低于其检测限（LOD）。此外，臭氧处理被证明是有效的，在部分消除咖啡因（76%），而随后的颗粒活性炭（GAC）过滤去除可卡因（100%），MDMA（88%），苯甲酰芽子碱（72%），和可替宁（63%）。氯化后实现了可卡因和尼古丁的完全消除，只有一种母体化合物（咖啡因）和两种代谢产物（可替宁和苯甲酰爱子宁）在整个治疗过程中持续存在，尽管咖啡因和苯甲酰爱子宁减少了90%，可替宁减少了74%。
The presence of psychoactive stimulatory drugs in raw waters used for drinking water production and in finished drinking water was evaluated in a Spanish drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). Contamination of the river basin which provides raw water to this DWTP was also studied. In surface waters, illicit drugs such as cocaine, benzoylecgonine (cocaine metabolite), amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA (ecstasy), and MDA were detected at mean concentrations ranging from 4 to 350 ng/L Nicotine, caffeine, and their metabolites were also found at the mu g/L level. The elimination of these compounds during drinking water treatment was investigated in a real waterworks. Amphetamine-type stimulants (except MDMA) were completely removed during prechlorination, flocculation, and sand filtration steps, yielding concentrations lower than their limits of detection (LODs). Further, ozone treatment was shown to be effective in partially eliminating caffeine (76%), while subsequent granulated activated carbon (GAC) filtration removed cocaine (100%), MDMA(88%), benzoylecgonine (72%), and cotinine (63%). Postchlorination achieved the complete elimination of cocaine and nicotine and only one parent compound (caffeine) and two metabolites (cotinine and benzoylecgonine) persisted throughout treatment, although reductions of 90% for caffeine and benzoylecgonine and 74% for cotinine were obtained.