Context change and retention interval can have additive, rather than interactive, effects after taste aversion extinction
Context change and retention interval can have additive, rather than interactive, effects after taste aversion extinction
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03209459
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发表时间：
1998-03-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Bouton, ME
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rosas, JM;Bouton, ME
自发性遗忘通常归因于随着时间的推移，背景环境的自然变化导致的提取失败。然而，一些研究者认为，情境变化对遗忘的解释是自相矛盾的，因为情境变化的影响本身会随着时间的推移而减弱。为了解决这一悖论，我们提出，生物体可能只是在其所处的时间环境发生变化时忘记了物理环境;这种解释接受了时间和物理环境之间的基本相似性。本实验测试了这一分析的含义，通过检查保留间隔和上下文之间的相互作用的变化后，大鼠的味觉厌恶条件反射，然后熄灭。重要的是，在较长的保留间隔（24天）测试的受试者在测试前接受了对物理环境的提醒。在这些条件下，保留间隔和上下文的变化都引起复发的熄灭厌恶（自发恢复和更新，分别），和最强的整体复发时，观察到两种治疗相结合。这种可加性（而不是交互性）与遗忘的语境变化解释是一致的，并为解决语境-遗忘悖论奠定了基础。
Spontaneous forgetting is often attributed to retrieval failure caused by natural changes in the background context that occur over time. However, some investigators have argued that the context-change account of forgetting is paradoxical, because context-change effects themselves decrease over time. To resolve the paradox, we have suggested that organisms may merely forget the physical context as the temporal context in which it is embedded changes; this explanation accepts a fundamental similarity between time and physical context. The present experiment tested an implication of this analysis by examining the interaction between retention interval and context change in rats after a taste aversion was conditioned and then extinguished. Importantly, subjects tested at the longer (24-day) retention interval received reminder exposure to the physical contexts before testing. Under these conditions, retention interval and context change both caused relapse of the extinguished aversion (spontaneous recovery and renewal, respectively), and the strongest overall relapse was observed when the two treatments were combined. Such additivity (rather than interactivity) is consistent with a context-change account of forgetting and sets the stage for resolution of the context-forgetting paradox.