Single case causes : what is evidence and why.
Single case causes : what is evidence and why.
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单一案例原因：证据是什么以及原因。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Nancy Cartwright
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nancy Cartwright
我们如何建立单一因果关系？似乎我们一直在这样做，从法庭到云室。然而，在循证医学和政策运动中，有一个强大的游说团体认为，我们不能对这些领域的单个病例做出可靠的因果判断。因此，我们无法判断一项政策或治疗是否对任何特定的个人“有效”。本文的观点恰恰相反。它提供了一个证据类型的目录，可以支持单一因果关系的主张，它发展了一个理论框架，表明这些类型的证据在单一情况下的因果关系。
How do we establish singular causal claims? It seems we do this all the time, from courtrooms to cloud chambers. Nevertheless, there is a strong lobby in the evidence-based medicine and policy movements that argues that we cannot make reliable causal judgments about single cases in these areas. So we cannot tell whether a policy or treatment ‘worked’ for any specific individual. This paper argues the contrary. It provides a catalogue of evidence types that can support singular causal claims, and it develops a theoretical framework that shows that these types are evidence for causation in the single case.