Effects of Governance on Availability of Land for Agriculture and Conservation in Brazil.
Effects of Governance on Availability of Land for Agriculture and Conservation in Brazil.
复制标题
治理对巴西农业和保护土地可用性的影响。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
G. Berndes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Sparovek;A. Barretto;M. Matsumoto;G. Berndes
2012年修订的《巴西森林法》改变了私人和公共治理对自然保护和农业生产的相对重要性。我们提出了一个空间上明确的土地利用模型，巴西农业生产和自然保护，认为农业用地的适宜性，技术和管理方案，法律的命令和控制框架，包括大西洋森林法，修订后的森林法，和亚马逊土地所有权，“土地法律的”，并以市场为导向的土地利用法规的空间分布。该模型被用来分析土地利用配置在三种情况下，农业生产和环境保护目标之间的不同优先级。在所有情景中，法律的指挥和控制框架是保护成果的最重要决定因素，保护了至少80%的现有自然植被。可以查明这种框架预计不会有效的情况，并有针对性地采取自愿行动或根据市场进行自我管制，以进一步养护（超出法律的要求）。所有情景都考虑到作物产量的大幅增加，使用的面积是目前耕地面积的1.5-2.7倍，许多新的耕地出现在目前的牧场上。目前促进自然保护的公共安排，可以与私人土地上的自愿计划相结合，在不与国家农业生产目标相冲突的情况下，提供重要的额外自然保护。
The 2012 revision of the Brazilian Forest Act changed the relative importance of private and public governance for nature conservation and agricultural production. We present a spatially explicit land-use model for Brazilian agricultural production and nature conservation that considers the spatial distribution of agricultural land suitability, technological and management options, legal command, and control frameworks including the Atlantic Forest Law, the revised Forest Act, and the Amazonian land-titling, "Terra Legal," and also market-driven land use regulations. The model is used to analyze land use allocation under three scenarios with varying priorities among agricultural production and environmental protection objectives. In all scenarios, the legal command and control frameworks were the most important determinants of conservation outcomes, protecting at least 80% of the existing natural vegetation. Situations where such frameworks are not expected to be effective can be identified and targeted for additional conservation (beyond legal requirements) through voluntary actions or self-regulation in response to markets. All scenarios allow for a substantial increase in crop production, using an area 1.5-2.7 times the current cropland area, with much of new cropland occurring on current pastureland. Current public arrangements that promote conservation can, in conjunction with voluntary schemes on private lands where conversion to agriculture is favored, provide important additional nature conservation without conflicting with national agricultural production objectives.