Under Diagnosis of Adult ADHD: Cultural Influences and Societal Burden
Under Diagnosis of Adult ADHD: Cultural Influences and Societal Burden
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DOI：
10.1177/1087054711435360
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发表时间：
2012-07-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Hodgkins, Paul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Asherson, Philip;Akehurst, Ron;Hodgkins, Paul
目的：探讨文化因素对成人注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）诊断的影响及其社会负担。方法：应用奥维德技术对近10年来的相关文献进行回顾性分析。结果：虽然大量的文章集中在诊断和成人ADHD的负担，很少关注的文化因素影响诊断。与其他精神健康疾病一样，文化和社会观点有助于我们理解成人ADHD，并可能在诊断和接受这种疾病方面发挥重要作用。此外，患有ADHD的成年人可能会低估ADHD症状的影响，并且在许多情况下已经学会通过选择有助于补偿症状的生活方式来补偿ADHD相关的损伤。一些患有ADHD的成年人可能看起来功能良好，但他们可能会花费过多的能量来克服障碍;他们可能会因持续的症状而感到苦恼，如坐立不安，情绪不稳定和自尊心低下。研究表明，ADHD可能对生活的许多领域有害，包括工作，日常活动，社会和家庭关系以及心理和身体健康。患者报告的由于时间管理不善、拖延和注意力分散而导致的生产力受损可能会转化为显着的间接成本和生活质量下降。成人ADHD也与事故增加，医疗资源利用，反社会行为和药物酒精滥用有关。结论：成人ADHD的巨大社会负担突出了更好地了解有助于准确诊断的因素以及改善世界许多地区对该疾病认识不足的重要性。(J.的AT。2012; 16（5S）20S-38S）
Objective: To explore the literature focusing on cultural influences in the diagnosis of adult ADHD and respective societal burden. Method:A review of the literature over the past 10 years was performed using OVID. Results: Although numerous articles focused on diagnosis and burden of adult ADHD, few focused on cultural factors influencing diagnosis. Like other mental health disorders, cultural and social perspectives contribute to our understanding of adult ADHD and may play a significant role in the diagnosis and varying acceptance of the condition. Moreover, adults with ADHD may underestimate the impact of ADHD symptoms, and in many cases have learned to compensate for ADHD related impairments by choosing lifestyles that help compensate for symptoms. Some adults with ADHD may appear to function well, however they may expend excessive amounts of energy to overcome impairments; and they may be distressed by ongoing symptoms such as restlessness, mood instability and low self-esteem. Research shows that ADHD can be detrimental to many areas of life including work, daily activities, social and family relationships and psychological and physical well-being. Patient-reported impairments in productivity due to poor time management, procrastination, and distractibility can translate into significant indirect costs and decreased quality of life. ADHD in adults is also associated with increased accidents, medical resource utilization, antisocial behaviour and drug alcohol abuse. Conclusion: The substantial societal burden of adult ADHD highlights the importance of providing a better understanding of the factors that contribute to accurate diagnosis and of improving the low recognition of the disorder in many world regions. (J. of Att. Dis. 2012; 16(5S) 20S-38S)