Habitual exercise and vascular ageing
Habitual exercise and vascular ageing
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DOI：
10.1113/jphysiol.2009.178822
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发表时间：
2009-12-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Lesniewski, Lisa A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Seals, Douglas R.;Walker, Ashley E.;Lesniewski, Lisa A.
年龄是心血管疾病 (CVD) 的主要危险因素，部分原因是大弹性动脉硬化和血管内皮功能障碍（例如内皮依赖性扩张受损，EDD）。相反，定期有氧运动可以降低心血管疾病的风险。与久坐的同龄人相比，经过耐力运动训练的中年/老年人表现出较低的大弹性动脉僵硬度和较高的 EDD。通过每天快走，以前久坐的中年/老年人表现出僵硬程度降低和 EDD 改善。随着年龄的增长，定期有氧运动对大弹性动脉僵硬度的影响机制在很大程度上尚不清楚，但可能包括动脉壁成分的变化。运动的老年人的 EDD 增强是由氧化应激减少相关的一氧化氮 (NO) 生物利用度增加介导的。进行定期有氧运动的老年啮齿动物的动脉表现出内皮NO合酶的表达和活性增加，与氧化剂NADPH氧化酶的表达和活性降低相关的氧化损伤减少，以及抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶的活性增加。有氧运动还可以通过增强对其他心血管疾病危险因素（如低密度脂蛋白胆固醇）影响的抵抗力来保护动脉免受衰老影响。习惯性有氧运动是对抗动脉老化的有效策略。
Age is the major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and this is attributable in part to stiffening of large elastic arteries and development of vascular endothelial dysfunction (e.g. impaired endothelium-dependent dilatation, EDD). In contrast, regular aerobic exercise is associated with reduced risk of CVD. Endurance exercise-trained middle-aged/older adults demonstrate lower large elastic artery stiffness and greater EDD than their sedentary peers. With daily brisk walking, previously sedentary middle-aged/older adults show reduced stiffness and improved EDD. The mechanisms underlying the effects of regular aerobic exercise on large elastic artery stiffness with ageing are largely unknown, but are likely to include changes to the composition of the arterial wall. Enhanced EDD in older adults who exercise is mediated by increased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability associated with reduced oxidative stress. Arteries from old rodents that perform regular aerobic exercise demonstrate increased expression and activity of endothelial NO synthase, reduced oxidative damage associated with reduced expression and activity of the oxidant enzyme NADPH oxidase, and increased activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase. Aerobic exercise also may protect arteries with ageing by increasing resistance to the effects of other CVD risk factors like LDL-cholesterol. Habitual aerobic exercise is an effective strategy to combat arterial ageing.