A glow of HLA typing in organ transplantation.
A glow of HLA typing in organ transplantation.
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DOI：
10.1186/2001-1326-2-6
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发表时间：
2013-02-23
影响因子：
10.6
通讯作者：
Mahdi BM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mahdi BM
器官和组织的移植是本世纪最伟大的医疗成就之一。在器官移植中，适应性免疫被认为是对移植组织施加的主要应答，因为免疫应答的主要目标是在供体细胞表面上表达的MHC（主要组织相容性复合体）分子。诱导抗原刺激的细胞表面分子引起对移植组织或器官的排斥免疫应答。已描述了多种移植抗原，包括主要组织相容性分子、次要组织相容性抗原、ABO血型抗原和内皮细胞抗原。对MHC抗原的致敏可由输血、妊娠或先前移植失败引起，从而导致抗人类白细胞抗原（HLA）抗体的产生，所述抗体是实体器官移植中负责移植物排斥的重要因素，并且在输血后并发症中起作用。抗HLA抗体可存在于健康个体中。本文介绍了HLA分型的方法，包括血清学方法、序列特异性引物法（SSP）、序列特异性寡核苷酸探针法（SSOP）、基于序列的分型法（SBT）和基于参考链的构象分析法（RSCA）。器官移植的问题是器官的储存和免疫抑制治疗，用于降低排斥反应率，副作用和并发症少。
The transplant of organs and tissues is one of the greatest curative achievements of this century. In organ transplantation, the adaptive immunity is considered the main response exerted to the transplanted tissue, since the main goal of the immune response is the MHC (major histocompatibility complex) molecules expressed on the surface of donor cells. Cell surface molecules that induce an antigenic stimulus cause the rejection immune response to grafted tissue or organ. A wide variety of transplantation antigens have been described, including the major histocompatibility molecules, minor histocompatibility antigens, ABO blood group antigens and endothelial cell antigens. The sensitization to MHC antigens may be caused by transfusions, pregnancy, or failed previous grafts leading to development of anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies that are important factor responsible for graft rejection in solid organ transplantation and play a role in post-transfusion complication Anti-HLA Abs may be present in healthy individuals. Methods for HLA typing are described, including serological methods, molecular techniques of sequence-specific priming (SSP), sequence-specific oligonucleotide probing (SSOP), Sequence based typing (SBT) and reference strand-based conformation analysis (RSCA) method. Problems with organ transplantation are reservoir of organs and immune suppressive treatments that used to decrease rate of rejection with less side effect and complications.