Personality and Major Depression among Directly Exposed Survivors of the Oklahoma City Bombing.
Personality and Major Depression among Directly Exposed Survivors of the Oklahoma City Bombing.
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DOI：
10.1155/2012/204741
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cloninger CR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
North CS;Cloninger CR
背景很少有灾难研究专门研究与灾难暴露、创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）和重度抑郁症相关的人格和复原力。方法.从爆炸幸存者登记处随机选择了151名俄克拉荷马州爆炸事件的直接暴露幸存者，分别使用DSM-4诊断访谈表和气质和性格量表完成了PTSD、重度抑郁和人格评估。结果最常见的灾后精神障碍是与爆炸有关的PTSD（32%）;严重抑郁症是第二流行（21%）。爆炸相关的PTSD与低自我导向和低合作性的组合，也与高自我超越和高伤害回避在大多数配置。在有爆炸相关PTSD的人群中，灾后抑郁症的患病率（56%）显著高于无爆炸相关PTSD的人群（5%）（P <0.001），在有灾前抑郁症的人群中，灾后抑郁症的患病率（72%）显著高于无灾前抑郁症的人群（14%）（P <0.001）。事件性抑郁症与低自我导向和低合作性的组合无关。结论.人格特征可以区分对特定威胁生命的压力源的弹性和一般的幸福指标。与爆炸相关的创伤后应激障碍不同，重度抑郁症并不是低复原力的有力标志。应尽可能利用定义明确的诊断来制定和验证复原力的衡量标准，而不是依赖于非具体的心理痛苦衡量标准。
Background. Few disaster studies have specifically examined personality and resilience in association with disaster exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and major depression. Methods. 151 directly-exposed survivors of the Oklahoma City bombing randomly selected from a bombing survivor registry completed PTSD, major depression, and personality assessments using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for DSM-IV and the Temperament and Character Inventory, respectively. Results. The most prevalent postdisaster psychiatric disorder was bombing-related PTSD (32%); major depression was second in prevalence (21%). Bombing-related PTSD was associated with the combination of low self-directedness and low cooperativeness and also with high self-transcendence and high harm avoidance in most configurations. Postdisaster major depression was significantly more prevalent among those with (56%) than without (5%) bombing-related PTSD (P < .001) and those with (72%) than without (14%) predisaster major depression (P < .001). Incident major depression was not associated with the combination of low self-directedness and low cooperativeness. Conclusions. Personality features can distinguish resilience to a specific life-threatening stressor from general indicators of well-being. Unlike bombing-related PTSD, major depression was not a robust marker of low resilience. Development and validation of measures of resilience should utilize well-defined diagnoses whenever possible, rather than relying on nonspecific measures of psychological distress.