Target Trial Emulation Using Hospital-Based Observational Data: Demonstration and Application in COVID-19.

Target Trial Emulation Using Hospital-Based Observational Data: Demonstration and Application in COVID-19.
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DOI:
10.3390/life13030777
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发表时间:
2023-03-13
期刊:
Life (Basel, Switzerland)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Wolkewitz M
Wolkewitz M
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Martinuka O;Cube MV;Hazard D;Marateb HR;Mansourian M;Sami R;Hajian MR;Ebrahimi S;Wolkewitz M

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方法学偏差在评估治疗有效性的观察性研究中很常见。本研究的目的是使用基于医院的观察数据,在竞争风险环境中模拟目标试验。我们将考虑永恒时间偏差和时间固定混杂偏差的既定方法扩展到没有出院后生存信息的环境:这是2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)研究数据的常见情况。该示例性研究包括618名COVID-19住院患者的队列。我们描述的方法的机会和挑战,不能克服应用传统的统计方法。我们证明了这种试验仿真方法通过克隆审查权重技术的实际实施。我们进行竞争风险分析,报告特定原因的累积危害和累积发生概率。我们的分析表明,目标试验模拟框架可以扩展到COVID-19医院研究中的竞争风险。在我们的分析中,我们避免不朽的时间偏差,时间固定的混杂偏差,竞争风险偏差同时。从临床角度来看,选择宽限期的长度是合理的,并且在确保可靠结果方面具有重要优势。这种具有竞争风险分析的扩展试验模拟能够对治疗效果进行无偏估计,沿着解释治疗对所有临床重要结局的有效性。
Methodological biases are common in observational studies evaluating treatment effectiveness. The objective of this study is to emulate a target trial in a competing risks setting using hospital-based observational data. We extend established methodology accounting for immortal time bias and time-fixed confounding biases to a setting where no survival information beyond hospital discharge is available: a condition common to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) research data. This exemplary study includes a cohort of 618 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We describe methodological opportunities and challenges that cannot be overcome applying traditional statistical methods. We demonstrate the practical implementation of this trial emulation approach via clone–censor–weight techniques. We undertake a competing risk analysis, reporting the cause-specific cumulative hazards and cumulative incidence probabilities. Our analysis demonstrates that a target trial emulation framework can be extended to account for competing risks in COVID-19 hospital studies. In our analysis, we avoid immortal time bias, time-fixed confounding bias, and competing risks bias simultaneously. Choosing the length of the grace period is justified from a clinical perspective and has an important advantage in ensuring reliable results. This extended trial emulation with the competing risk analysis enables an unbiased estimation of treatment effects, along with the ability to interpret the effectiveness of treatment on all clinically important outcomes.
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