The unique challenges of improving peri-urban sanitation.
The unique challenges of improving peri-urban sanitation.
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改善城市周边环境卫生的独特挑战。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1993
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Pérez Ea
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Hogrewe;Joyce Sd;Pérez Ea
无限期的土地保有权、简陋的基础设施、贫困、人口密度高以及没有得到正式政府的承认，这些都是城市周边住区的特点。由于快速发展和非正规地位，城市周边地区的卫生服务水平较低。城市周边居民的数量和需求让市政府不堪重负，因为他们超出了当地规划者和政府的能力。缺乏基本服务，特别是缺乏足够的人类排泄物管理，危及城市周边住区的公共健康和环境。关于如何解决城市周边地区的问题，只有有限的知识或经验。水和卫生促进健康项目编写了一份文件，以帮助项目设计者了解和解决改善城市周边住区卫生方面的问题。具体地说，它为他们提供了要问的关键问题，收集了信息，以便他们能够规划和设计进程，并就在建立城市周边卫生项目时采取什么基本战略提出了建议。城郊住区面临的挑战是场地条件差、供水不可靠、人口密度高、人口不均匀以及缺乏合法的土地保有权。经验表明，技术驱动的项目往往达不到目标，因此在设计项目之前需要一种更全面的跨学科方法来定义问题。项目设计者不仅必须与工程师合作，而且还必须与法律专家、金融分析家、社会科学家、城市规划者和各种机构(供水和卫生设施、卫生部、城市发展当局和市政府)合作。
Indefinite land tenure poor infrastructure poverty high population density and no recognition by formal governments characterize peri-urban settlements. Peri-urban areas have low levels of sanitation services because of their rapid growth and informal status. Municipal governments are overwhelmed by the numbers and needs of peri-urban residents since they exceed the capacity of local planners and government. The lack of basic services especially the lack of sufficient human waste management jeopardizes the public health and environment of peri-urban settlements. There is only limited knowledge or experience on how to address the problem of peri-urban areas. The Water and Sanitation for Health Project (WASH) has prepared a document to help project designers understand and address the problems in improving sanitation in peri-urban settlements. Specifically it provides them with key questions to ask with information to assemble so they can plan and design the process and with suggestions about what basic strategy to adopt in establishing peri-urban sanitation projects. The challenges of peri-urban settlements are poor site conditions unreliable water availability high population density heterogeneous population and the lack of legal land tenure. Experience shows that technology-driven projects often do not meet objectives so a more comprehensive interdisciplinary approach is needed to define the problem before designing a project. The project designer must work not only with engineers but also with legal specialists financial analysts social scientists urban planners and various institutions (the water and sanitation utility the Ministry of Health urban development authorities and the municipality).