The phase of water ice which forms in cold clouds in the mesospheres of Mars, Venus and Earth

The phase of water ice which forms in cold clouds in the mesospheres of Mars, Venus and Earth
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火星、金星和地球中间层冷云中形成的水​​冰阶段

DOI:
10.1002/essoar.10505401.1
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
--
影响因子:
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通讯作者:
Mangan T
Mangan T
中科院分区:
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作者:
Mangan T

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水冰云在太阳系(很可能在其他地方)的类地行星的中间层中形成,在低压和低温下通过蒸汽沉积形成。在这些条件下,可能形成一系列结晶和非晶相的冰。相是重要的,因为它影响成核动力学、密度、固体上的蒸气压、生长速率和颗粒形状。在过去,这些不同相存在的温度范围是基于在低温下沉积冰并在观察相变化的同时对其加热来定义的。然而,在与类地行星相关的温度范围内冰的直接沉积尚未得到系统的研究。在这里,我们提出的X射线衍射(XRD)测量的水冰沉积在88和145 K之间的温度间隔在真空室中。XRD分析表明,在≤ 120 K时形成低密度无定形冰,在121 ~ 135 K时形成堆积无序冰I,在140和145 K时形成六方冰I。直接沉积的结果在稳定的六方相在更低的温度比当升温堆积无序冰。在地球和火星的中间层的云中,这里观察到的水冰的所有三个阶段都是可能的,而在金星上,只有无定形冰可能形成。
Water ice clouds form in the mesospheres of terrestrial planets in the solar system (and most likely elsewhere) by vapor deposition at low pressures and temperatures. Under these conditions a range of crystalline and amorphous phases of ice might form. The phase is important because it influences nucleation kinetics, density, vapor pressure over the solid, growth rates and particle shape. In the past the temperature range over which these different phases exist has been defined on the basis of depositing ice at low temperature and warming it while observing phase changes. However, the direct deposition of ice at a range of temperatures relevant for the terrestrial planets has not been systematically investigated. Here we present X-ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements of water ice deposited at temperature intervals between 88 and 145 K in a vacuum chamber. XRD patterns showed that low density amorphous ice was formed at ≤ 120 K, stacking disordered ice I formed from 121 – 135 K and hexagonal ice I formed at 140 and 145 K. Direct deposition results in the stable hexagonal phase at much lower temperatures than when warming stacking disordered ice. All three phases of water ice observed here are possible in clouds in the mesospheres of Earth and Mars, while on Venus only amorphous ice is likely to form.
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