New bounds on macroscopic scalar-field topological defects from nontransient signatures due to environmental dependence and spatial variations of the fundamental constants
New bounds on macroscopic scalar-field topological defects from nontransient signatures due to environmental dependence and spatial variations of the fundamental constants
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DOI：
10.1103/physrevd.102.115016
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发表时间：
2020-05
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Y. Stadnik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Y. Stadnik
我们指出，在由一个或多个标量场通过标量型耦合与标准模型场相互作用组成的宏观拓扑缺陷模型中，环境物质对标量场的反作用产生了自然基本常数的环境依赖性，以及由于“气泡状”的形成，在诸如地球的致密天体附近基本常数的空间变化。致密体周围的缺陷结构。在足够稠密的环境中，自发对称破缺可能会被完全抑制，从而可能延迟拓扑缺陷的宇宙学产生。我们推导出的基本常数的非瞬态变化的界限，从扭转摆实验，寻找违反等效原理的力量，实验比较的频率地面和空间为基础的原子钟，以及地面为基础的时钟在不同的高度在最近的东京晴空塔实验，和测量比较原子和分子的跃迁频率在陆地和低密度天体物理环境。我们的结果限制了宇宙的当前质量-能量分数，由于BBN或CMB时期后不久产生的无限域壁网络，对于具有$\phi^4$势和$\phi^2$相互作用的介子模型，其质量-能量分数为$\Omega_{\textrm{walls}，0} \ll 10^{-10}$，比CMB四极温度各向异性边界提高了至少5个数量级。我们新推导出的畴壁上的边界与$\phi^2 $相互作用通过其影响的基本常数的非瞬态变化是显着更严格的比以前报道的时钟和腔为基础的限制通过瞬态签名和以前的边界从不同类型的非瞬态签名，在同一组的假设下，通过畴壁。
We point out that in models of macroscopic topological defects composed of one or more scalar fields that interact with standard-model fields via scalar-type couplings, the back-action of ambient matter on the scalar field(s) produces an environmental dependence of the fundamental constants of nature, as well as spatial variations of the fundamental constants in the vicinity of dense bodies such as Earth due to the formation of a "bubble-like" defect structure surrounding the dense body. In sufficiently dense environments, spontaneous symmetry breaking may be inhibited altogether for $\phi^2$ interactions, potentially delaying the cosmological production of topological defects. We derive bounds on non-transient variations of the fundamental constants from torsion-pendulum experiments that search for equivalence-principle-violating forces, experiments comparing the frequencies of ground- and space-based atomic clocks, as well as ground-based clocks at different heights in the recent Tokyo Skytree experiment, and measurements comparing atomic and molecular transition frequencies in terrestrial and low-density astrophysical environments. Our results constrain the present-day mass-energy fraction of the Universe due to a network of infinite domain walls produced shortly after the BBN or CMB epochs to be $\Omega_{\textrm{walls},0} \ll 10^{-10}$ for the symmetron model with a $\phi^4$ potential and $\phi^2$ interactions, improving over CMB quadrupolar temperature anisotropy bounds by at least 5 orders of magnitude. Our newly derived bounds on domain walls with $\phi^2$ interactions via their effects of non-transient variations of the fundamental constants are significantly more stringent than previously reported clock- and cavity-based limits on passing domain walls via transient signatures and previous bounds from different types of non-transient signatures, under the same set of assumptions.