Ballistic skin simulant
Ballistic skin simulant
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DOI：
10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.06.039
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发表时间：
2005-05-28
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Kulomäki, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jussila, J;Leppäniemi, A;Kulomäki, E
由含有10- 20%质量%明胶的水溶液制备的水凝胶是终端弹道研究中普遍接受的肌肉组织模拟物。然而，它们没有模拟人类皮肤效果的表层。本研究的目的是寻找一种合适的皮肤模拟物，以提高明胶基材料测试结果的保真度和可信度，不仅用于评估高能子弹的伤害潜力，而且还用于评估非穿透“非致命”的动能冲击弹药和相对低能量的弹跳破片的伤害潜力。皮肤模拟器也允许模拟和评估出口伤口。在文献研究的基础上，建立了人体皮肤和目标模拟物的力学和弹道特性。其中发现了一些错误。本文将修正后的数值纳入比较。模拟皮肤力学性能的目标值为：阈值速度v(th) = 94 +/- 4 m/s，抗拉强度18 +/- 2 N/mm(2)，断裂伸长率65 +/- 5%。通过分析其机械和弹道性能，对合成和天然材料的选择进行了皮肤模拟评估。将结果与从人类尸体中获得的文献值进行了比较。试验结果表明，模拟皮肤的最佳材料是标称厚度为0.9 ~ 1.1 mm的铬鞣软垫“硬壳”牛皮半成品。其起始速度为90.7 m/s，抗拉强度为20.89 +/- 4.11 MPa，断裂伸长率为61 +/- 9%。这些值与人体皮肤的平均值相同。在评价的合成材料中，1 mm厚的天然橡胶虽然理论阈值速度仅为82.9 m/s，但可以作为冲击侧的阈值速度过滤器，但有一定的保留。2004爱思唯尔爱尔兰有限公司版权所有。
Hydrogels prepared from water solutions containing 10-20 mass% gelatine are generally accepted muscle tissue simulants in terminal ballistic research. They, however, do not have a surface layer which simulates the effect of human skin. The purpose of this research was to find a suitable skin simulant for enhancing the testing fidelity and the credibility of the results with gelatine-based materials when assessing the injury potential of not only high energy bullets, but also especially that of non-penetrating "less lethal" kinetic impact ammunition and relatively low energy ricochet fragments. A skin simulant also permits the simulation and assessment of exit wounds. The mechanical and ballistic properties of human skin and target simulant were established on the basis of results found in the literature. Some errors in these were found. The corrected values are included in this paper for comparison. The target values of the mechanical properties of the skin simulant were the following: threshold velocity v(th) = 94 +/- 4 m/s, tensile strength 18 +/- 2 N/mm(2) and elongation at break 65 +/- 5%. A selection of synthetic and natural materials was evaluated as skin simulants by analysing their mechanical and ballistic properties. The results were compared to literature values obtained with human cadavers. The tests showed that the best skin simulant of the ones evaluated was semi-finished chrome tanned upholstery "crust" cowhide of 0.9-1.1 mm nominal thickness. Its threshold velocity was 90.7 m/s, tensile strength 20.89 +/- 4.11 MPa and elongation at break 61 +/- 9%. These values are the same as the average values of human skin. Of the synthetic materials evaluated, 1 mm thick natural rubber can be used on impact side as a threshold velocity filter with some reservations although its theoretical threshold velocity is only 82.9 m/s. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.