Consequences of Explosive Supereruptions
Consequences of Explosive Supereruptions
复制标题
超级爆发的后果
DOI：
10.2113/gselements.4.1.41
复制
发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
S. Blake
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Self;S. Blake
罕见但极大的爆炸性超级喷发导致巨大火山口的灾难性形成，火山碎屑流沉积对大量地区的破坏，以及覆盖大陆大小区域的火山灰坠落。未来超级喷发的影响将在全球范围内感受到，至少是整个半球都会感受到。最广泛的影响可能来自释放的火山气体，特别是在平流层中转化为硫酸气溶胶的含硫气体。这些现象将持续数年，促进大气循环的变化，导致许多地区的地表温度急剧下降，导致光照水平暂时降低，并造成恶劣和不合时宜的天气(“火山冬天”)。预计全球社会基础设施将遭受数月至数年的重大破坏，全球金融市场的代价将是高昂的和持续的。
Rare but extremely large explosive supereruptions lead to the catastrophic formation of huge calderas, devastation of substantial regions by pyroclastic flow deposits, and ash falls that cover continent-sized areas. The effects of future supereruptions will be felt globally or at least by a whole hemisphere. The most widespread effects are likely to derive from the volcanic gases released, particularly sulfur gases that are converted into sulfuric acid aerosols in the stratosphere. These will remain for several years, promoting changes in atmospheric circulation and causing surface temperatures to fall dramatically in many regions, bringing about temporary reductions in light levels and producing severe and unseasonable weather ('volcanic winter'). Major disruptions to global societal infrastructure can be expected for periods of months to years, and the cost to global financial markets will be high and sustained.