Cardiovascular Effects and Benefits of Exercise.
Cardiovascular Effects and Benefits of Exercise.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcvm.2018.00135
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Bhatnagar, Aruni
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nystoriak, Matthew A;Bhatnagar, Aruni
人们普遍认为，有规律的体育锻炼有益于心血管健康。经常锻炼与心血管死亡率的降低以及罹患心血管疾病的风险密切相关。经常运动的人血压更低，胰岛素敏感度更高，血浆脂蛋白谱更有利。运动的动物模型表明，反复的体力活动抑制了动脉粥样硬化的形成，并增加了一氧化氮等血管扩张介质的可用性。运动也被发现对心脏有益。剧烈地，运动增加了心输出量和血压，但适应运动的人表现出较低的静息心率和心肌肥厚。心脏和血管的变化都与组织代谢和信号的各种变化有关，尽管我们对潜在机制的贡献仍不完全。尽管适度的运动被发现与心血管疾病风险的降低一致相关，但有证据表明，持续的高水平运动(例如马拉松跑步)可能会对心血管健康产生有害影响。然而，运动的程度和持续时间与降低心血管疾病风险和死亡率之间的具体剂量反应关系仍不清楚。需要进一步的研究来确定运动对心血管有益的机制，以便开发更有效的运动方案，测试运动与饮食的相互作用，并为那些不愿意或无法运动的人开发药物干预措施。
It is widely accepted that regular physical activity is beneficial for cardiovascular health. Frequent exercise is robustly associated with a decrease in cardiovascular mortality as well as the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Physically active individuals have lower blood pressure, higher insulin sensitivity, and a more favorable plasma lipoprotein profile. Animal models of exercise show that repeated physical activity suppresses atherogenesis and increases the availability of vasodilatory mediators such as nitric oxide. Exercise has also been found to have beneficial effects on the heart. Acutely, exercise increases cardiac output and blood pressure, but individuals adapted to exercise show lower resting heart rate and cardiac hypertrophy. Both cardiac and vascular changes have been linked to a variety of changes in tissue metabolism and signaling, although our understanding of the contribution of the underlying mechanisms remains incomplete. Even though moderate levels of exercise have been found to be consistently associated with a reduction in cardiovascular disease risk, there is evidence to suggest that continuously high levels of exercise (e.g., marathon running) could have detrimental effects on cardiovascular health. Nevertheless, a specific dose response relationship between the extent and duration of exercise and the reduction in cardiovascular disease risk and mortality remains unclear. Further studies are needed to identify the mechanisms that impart cardiovascular benefits of exercise in order to develop more effective exercise regimens, test the interaction of exercise with diet, and develop pharmacological interventions for those unwilling or unable to exercise.