Modeling toes contributes to realistic stance knee mechanics in three-dimensional predictive simulations of walking.
Modeling toes contributes to realistic stance knee mechanics in three-dimensional predictive simulations of walking.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0256311
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
De Groote F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Falisse A;Afschrift M;De Groote F
基于物理的预测模拟已被证明可以捕捉人类行走的许多显著特征。然而，他们往往无法产生现实的立场膝盖和脚踝力学。虽然先前已经研究了性能标准对预测的步行模式的影响，但肌肉骨骼力学的影响较少探索。在这里，我们研究了两个力学假设对预测步行模式的影响：足部模型的复杂性和跟腱的刚度。我们发现，通过三维肌肉驱动的步行预测模拟，脚趾建模，从而使用两段而不是单段脚模型，有助于稳健地引发生理姿势膝关节屈曲角度，膝关节伸展扭矩和膝关节伸肌活动。建模脚趾也略有下降的第一垂直地面反作用力峰值，增加其与实验数据的一致性，并改善站立踝关节动力学。然而，它略微恶化了踝关节运动学的预测。降低跟腱刚度改善了踝关节运动学的真实性，但与实验数据仍有很大的差异。总体而言，这项模拟研究表明，不仅性能标准，而且机械假设影响步行的预测模拟。提高预测模拟的真实性是其在临床环境中的应用所必需的。在这里，我们建议使用更复杂的脚模型可能有助于这种现实主义。
Physics-based predictive simulations have been shown to capture many salient features of human walking. Yet they often fail to produce realistic stance knee and ankle mechanics. While the influence of the performance criterion on the predicted walking pattern has been previously studied, the influence of musculoskeletal mechanics has been less explored. Here, we investigated the influence of two mechanical assumptions on the predicted walking pattern: the complexity of the foot model and the stiffness of the Achilles tendon. We found, through three-dimensional muscle-driven predictive simulations of walking, that modeling the toes, and thus using two-segment instead of single-segment foot models, contributed to robustly eliciting physiological stance knee flexion angles, knee extension torques, and knee extensor activity. Modeling toes also slightly decreased the first vertical ground reaction force peak, increasing its agreement with experimental data, and improved stance ankle kinetics. It nevertheless slightly worsened predictions of ankle kinematics. Decreasing Achilles tendon stiffness improved the realism of ankle kinematics, but there remain large discrepancies with experimental data. Overall, this simulation study shows that not only the performance criterion but also mechanical assumptions affect predictive simulations of walking. Improving the realism of predictive simulations is required for their application in clinical contexts. Here, we suggest that using more complex foot models might contribute to such realism.
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