Unexpected understorey community development after 30 years in ancient and post-agricultural forests
Unexpected understorey community development after 30 years in ancient and post-agricultural forests
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01711.x
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发表时间：
2010-11-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Verheyen, Kris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baeten, Lander;Hermy, Martin;Verheyen, Kris
1.土地使用变化被认为是影响欧洲和北美东部大部分地区森林下层群落植物分布和多样性格局的最根本和最广泛的干扰之一。与原始森林（即没有农业历史记录的森林）相比，生长在以前农业用地上的森林，当地物种多样性和各地点之间的群落分化一般都减少了。然而，没有研究确定随着森林从以前的农业用途恢复，以前的土地使用所造成的成分差异如何随着时间的推移而变化。在这里，我们重新调查了78个植被样地（一半是古森林，一半是后农业森林），以证明三十年的森林发展如何改变后农业和古森林遗址之间的组成差异。考察了土地利用历史和调查数据对物种多样性和群落分化的影响.数据表明，以前的农业用地的印记持续随着时间的推移，但不是通过成分稳定性。古森林和后农业森林的植被发生了平行和强烈的变化：物种多样性下降，当地物种覆盖度强烈分化，这表明群落漂移。因此，观察到的林下变化并不支持普遍接受的后农业森林群落发展模式，即多样性没有增加，植被并没有随着时间的推移变得更类似于古代森林植被。物种组成的变化与增加共同的，竞争性的物种在古代森林指标物种的费用。古老森林物种的源种群已逐渐枯竭，因此后农业森林的恢复变得更加不稳定。合成.虽然土地利用的历史可能会持续作为当地物种多样性和社区分歧的主要预测因素，其他环境驱动因素可能会进一步构建森林下层社区，并导致生物灭绝和普遍的物种重新排序的时间尺度只有几十年。
1. Land-use change is considered one of the most radical and extensive disturbances that have influenced plant distributions and diversity patterns in forest understorey communities in much of Europe and eastern North America. In forests growing on former agricultural land, local species diversity and community differentiation among sites are generally reduced compared with ancient forests (i.e. forests with no historical record of agriculture). Yet, no study has determined how the compositional differences created by former land-use change over time as the forest sites recover from former agricultural use.2. Here, we resurveyed 78 vegetation plots (half of the plots in ancient and half in post-agricultural forest) to demonstrate how three decades of forest development have changed the compositional differences between post-agricultural and ancient forest sites. The impact of land-use history and survey date was tested on two measures of species diversity and two measure of community divergence.3. The data indicate that the imprint of former agricultural land use persisted over time, yet not through compositional stability. Parallel and strong vegetation shifts occurred in both ancient and post-agricultural forest: the species diversity decreased and local species cover strongly diverged, which indicates community drift. The observed understorey changes did thus not support the commonly accepted model of community development in post-agricultural forests, i.e. the diversity did not increase and the vegetation did not become more similar to the ancient forest vegetation over time. The changes in species composition were associated with an increase of common, competitive species at the expense of ancient forest indicator species. The source populations of ancient forest species have been gradually depleted, so the recovery of post-agricultural forests becomes even more precarious.4. Synthesis. While land-use history is likely to persist as the primary predictor of local species diversity and community divergence, other environmental drivers may additionally structure forest understorey communities and lead to biotic impoverishment and pervasive species reordering on the time scale of only decades.