Engineered nanoparticles in cancer therapy.
Engineered nanoparticles in cancer therapy.
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DOI：
10.2174/187221107779814104
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mandal, Tarun K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Praetorius, Natalie P;Mandal, Tarun K
深入的研究使人们在遗传、分子和细胞水平上对癌症有了更全面的了解，为提高药物抗肿瘤功效同时减少全身副作用的方法提供了途径。纳米颗粒技术特别适用于开发新一代更有效的癌症疗法，能够克服身体针对标准干预措施所面临的许多生物学、生物物理和生物医学障碍。纳米颗粒由于其尺寸小且可修饰性，可以选择性地进入肿瘤，从而在癌症治疗中显示出很大的前景。通常，但不排他地，纳米颗粒被定义为 1 至 100 nm 之间的亚微米颗粒。纳米颗粒由多种物质配制而成，并被设计为以受控和有针对性的方式携带一系列物质。纳米颗粒的制备是为了利用基本的癌症形态和发展模式，例如细胞的快速增殖、抗原表达和渗漏的肿瘤脉管系统。在癌症治疗和检测中，纳米颗粒在化疗、放疗、免疫治疗、免疫检测、热疗、成像、光动力治疗和抗血管生成等方面发挥着许多靶向作用。修饰剂不仅可以实现更大、更准确的肿瘤靶向，还可以通过减少外周效应和增加到达大脑的药物相对量来帮助穿越生物物理屏障，例如血脑屏障。此外，多功能纳米粒子同时执行许多这样的任务，例如作为成像材料同时靶向递送有效的抗癌药物，以可视化用于后续治疗的药物的有效性。在这篇综述中，讨论了最近开发和修改用于癌症检测、分析和治疗的纳米粒子的几项美国和世界专利。
Intense research has led to a more comprehensive understanding of cancer at the genetic, molecular, and cellular levels providing an avenue for methods of increasing antitumor efficacy of drugs while reducing systemic side effects. Nanoparticulate technology is of particular use in developing a new generation of more effective cancer therapies capable of overcoming the many biological, biophysical, and biomedical barriers that the body stages against a standard intervention. Nanoparticles show much promise in cancer therapy by selectively gaining access to tumor due to their small size and modifiability. Typically, though not exclusively, nanoparticles are defined as submicroscopic particles between 1 and 100 nm. Nanoparticles are formulated out of a variety of substances and engineered to carry an array of substances in a controlled and targeted manner. Nanoparticles are prepared to take advantage of fundamental cancer morphology and modes of development such as rapid proliferation of cells, antigen expression, and leaky tumor vasculature. In cancer treatment and detection nanoparticles serve many targeted functions in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, immunodetection, thermotherapy, imaging, photodynamic therapy, and anti-angiogenesis. Not only are modifying agents allowing for greater and more accurate tumor targeting, they are also aiding in the crossing of biophysical barriers such as the blood brain barrier there by reducing peripheral effects and increasing the relative amount of drug reaching in the brain. Moreover, multifunctional nanoparticles perform many of these tasks simultaneously such as targeted delivery of a potent anticancer drug at the same time as an imaging material to visualize the effectiveness of the drug utilized for treatment follow-up. In this review, several recent US and World patents developing and modifying nanoparticles for the detection, analysis, and treatment of cancer are discussed.