Modern Optical Spectroscopy
Modern Optical Spectroscopy
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-662-46777-0
复制
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
W. W. Parson-W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. W. Parson-W.
最突出的一点是，一个分子可以以不同的状态存在，这取决于它的电子在一组分子轨道中的分布方式，并且每个量子态都与一定的能量相关联。对于具有2n个电子的分子，当n个最低轨道上各有两个自旋相反的电子，且所有较高轨道都为空时，通常会得到总能量最低的电子态。这是基态。在没有外部扰动的情况下，处于基态的分子将无限期地保持在那里。第三章将从振荡电磁场的经典描述开始讨论光的性质。将分子暴露在这样的场中会导致电子的势能随时间变化，因此最初的分子轨道不再限制可能性。其结果可能是电子从一个占据的分子轨道移动到一个能量更高的未占据的轨道。要实现这种过渡，必须满足两个主要要求。首先，电磁场必须以正确的频率振荡。所需频率(ν)为
2 1 Introduction the most salient points are just that a molecule can exist in a variety of states depending on how its electrons are distributed among a set of molecular orbitals, and that each of these quantum states is associated with a definite energy. For a molecule with 2n electrons, the electronic state with the lowest total energy usually is obtained when there are two electrons with antiparallel spins in each of the n lowest orbitals and all the higher orbitals are empty. This is the ground state. In the absence of external perturbations, a molecule placed in the ground state will remain there indefinitely.Chapter 3 will discuss the nature of light, beginning with a classical description of an oscillating electromagnetic field. Exposing a molecule to such a field causes the potential energies of the electrons to fiuctuate with time so that the original molecular orbitals no longer limit the possibilities. The result of this can be that an electron moves from one of the occupied molecular orbitals to an unoccupied orbital with higher energy. Two main requirements must be met for such a transition to occur. First, the electromagnetic field must oscillate at the right frequency. The required frequency (ν) is