Stressful city sounds: glucocorticoid responses to experimental traffic noise are environmentally dependent
Stressful city sounds: glucocorticoid responses to experimental traffic noise are environmentally dependent
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DOI：
10.1098/rsbl.2017.0276
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发表时间：
2017-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Ouyang, Jenny Q.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davies, Scott;Haddad, Nicole;Ouyang, Jenny Q.
城市生态学的一个主要挑战是确定造成城市和农村个体之间表型差异的环境因素。然而，表征城市环境的因素之间的相互关系，加上缺乏实验操作这些因素在城市和农村地区，阻碍了努力确定哪些方面的城市环境负责表型差异。在城市化改变的因素中，人为声音，特别是交通噪音，对动物特别有害。人为声音影响动物的机制尚不清楚，但一个潜在的机制是通过糖皮质激素水平的变化。我们将成年弗伦斯，Troglodytes aedon暴露于交通噪声或粉红噪声（非交通噪声控制）。我们发现，城市弗伦斯有较高的初始（预约束）皮质酮比农村弗伦斯治疗前，和交通噪音升高初始皮质酮的农村，但不是城市，弗伦斯。相比之下，束缚应激诱导的皮质酮不受噪声处理。我们的研究结果表明，交通噪声具体有助于确定糖皮质激素的表型，并建议糖皮质激素是一种机制，人为的声音导致城市和农村动物之间的表型差异。
A major challenge in urban ecology is to identify the environmental factors responsible for phenotypic differences between urban and rural individuals. However, the intercorrelation between the factors that characterize urban environments, combined with a lack of experimental manipulations of these factors in both urban and rural areas, hinder efforts to identify which aspects of urban environments are responsible for phenotypic differences. Among the factors modified by urbanization, anthropogenic sound, particularly traffic noise, is especially detrimental to animals. The mechanisms by which anthropogenic sound affects animals are unclear, but one potential mechanismis through changes in glucocorticoid hormone levels. We exposed adult house wrens, Troglodytes aedon, to either traffic noise or pink noise (a non-traffic noise control). We found that urban wrens had higher initial (pre-restraint) corticosterone than rural wrens before treatment, and that traffic noise elevated initial corticosterone of rural, but not urban, wrens. By contrast, restraint stress-induced corticosterone was not affected by noise treatment. Our results indicate that traffic noise specifically contributes to determining the glucocorticoid phenotype, and suggest that glucocorticoids are a mechanism by which anthropogenic sound causes phenotypic differences between urban and rural animals.