THE NOUN-VERB DISTINCTION IN ESTABLISHED AND EMERGENT SIGN SYSTEMS
THE NOUN-VERB DISTINCTION IN ESTABLISHED AND EMERGENT SIGN SYSTEMS
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DOI：
10.1353/lan.2019.0030
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发表时间：
2019-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Goldin-Meadow, Susan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abner, Natasha;Flaherty, Molly;Goldin-Meadow, Susan
在许多手语中，名词和动词之间的区别在手语本身的形态上是显而易见的。在这里，我们使用一种新的启发式范式来研究在已有的手语美国手语(ASL)，一种新兴的手语尼加拉瓜手语(NSL)以及在NSL的前身尼加拉瓜手语中名词-动词区别(作为对象与动作)的系统性、产生和发展。我们发现，名词和动词之间的区别是明显的(通过话语位置和移动大小)，因此在所有群体中都存在--甚至是在没有传统语言模型的情况下发明了自己的系统的家庭签名者。然而，也有证据表明，在是否使用基础手来标记名词-动词对比方面，出现了交叉语言差异。最后，尼加拉瓜各群体在动作重复和基手的使用方式上的差异，使我们能够洞察影响语言系统发展的压力。具体地说，NSL的早期签名者使用动作重复和基手的方式与同族签名者相似，但与最近进入NSL社区的签名者不同，这表明对新学习者的代际传播(不仅仅是与社区共享一种语言)在这些设备的发展中起着关键作用。这些结果不仅关系到名词和动词的区别在人类交流中的重要性，也关系到这种区别是如何在一种新的(手语)语言中产生和发展的。
In a number of signed languages, the distinction between nouns and verbs is evident in the morphophonology of the signs themselves. Here we use a novel elicitation paradigm to investigate the systematicity, emergence, and development of the noun-verb distinction (qua objects vs. actions) in an established sign language, American Sign Language (ASL), an emerging sign language, Nicaraguan Sign Language (NSL), and in the precursor to NSL, Nicaraguan homesigns. We show that a distinction between nouns and verbs is marked (by utterance position and movement size) and thus present in all groups-even homesigners, who have invented their systems without a conventional language model. However, there is also evidence of emerging crosslinguistic variation in whether a base hand is used to mark the noun-verb contrast. Finally, variation in how movement repetition and base hand are used across Nicaraguan groups offers insight into the pressures that influence the development of a linguistic system. Specifically, early signers of NSL use movement repetition and base hand in ways similar to homesigners but different from signers who entered the NSL community more recently, suggesting that intergenerational transmission to new learners (not just sharing a language with a community) plays a key role in the development of these devices. These results bear not only on the importance of the noun-verb distinction in human communication, but also on how this distinction emerges and develops in a new (sign) language.*