A Cladistic Approach for the Classification of Oligotrichid Ciliates (Ciliophora: Spirotricha).
A Cladistic Approach for the Classification of Oligotrichid Ciliates (Ciliophora: Spirotricha).
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作者：
S. Agatha
目前，Oligotrichea Bütschli，1889的基因序列谱系仅包含少数物种。因此，一个分支的方法，特别是寡毛纲，应用亨尼希的方法和计算机程序。选择了23个字符并进行了讨论，即，口器形态（5个性状）、体纤毛（8个性状）、特殊细胞器（4个性状）和个体发育特征（6个性状）。其中9个字符收敛发展了两次。虽然几个新的功能被纳入分析，分支图匹配其他形态树的单系的寡毛，Halteria，寡毛，寡毛，Choreotrichida。寡毛纲的主要联会形态是对映分裂方式和波状膜的新生起源。虽然Halteriia和Oligotrichia的姐妹群关系的基因序列分析所获得的结果相矛盾，没有发现形态，个体发育或超微结构特征，支持分支Halteria grandinella内Stichotrichida。支序分类的方法建议并系统的家庭可能是由于缺乏知识。一个修订的分类寡毛类的建议，包括所有充分已知的科和属。
Currently, gene sequence genealogies of the Oligotrichea Bütschli, 1889 comprise only few species. Therefore, a cladistic approach, especially to the Oligotrichida, was made, applying Hennig's method and computer programs. Twenty-three characters were selected and discussed, i.e., the morphology of the oral apparatus (five characters), the somatic ciliature (eight characters), special organelles (four characters), and ontogenetic particulars (six characters). Nine of these characters developed convergently twice. Although several new features were included into the analyses, the cladograms match other morphological trees in the monophyly of the Oligotrichea, Halteriia, Oligotrichia, Oligotrichida, and Choreotrichida. The main synapomorphies of the Oligotrichea are the enantiotropic division mode and the de novo-origin of the undulating membranes. Although the sister group relationship of the Halteriia and the Oligotrichia contradicts results obtained by gene sequence analyses, no morphologic, ontogenetic or ultrastructural features were found, which support a branching of Halteria grandinella within the Stichotrichida. The cladistic approaches suggest paraphyly of the family Strombidiidae probably due to the scarce knowledge. A revised classification of the Oligotrichea is suggested, including all sufficiently known families and genera.