Aphasia in multilingual individuals: the importance of bedside premorbid language proficiency assessment.
Aphasia in multilingual individuals: the importance of bedside premorbid language proficiency assessment.
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多语言个体失语：床边病前语言能力评估的重要性。
DOI：
10.1016/j.ensci.2015.04.001
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bonilha,Leonardo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lekoubou,Alain;Gleichgerrcht,Ezequiel;McGrattan,Katlyn;Bachman,DavidL;Adams,RobertJ;Bonilha,Leonardo
随着“全球化”速度的加快，会说一种以上语言的人的比例正在迅速扩大，预计到2030年将有4700万美国公民至少会说两种语言。因此，多语种人群的语言障碍可能成为一个常见的临床挑战。多语言大脑不仅仅是多个，同时存在于一个个体中的单语言大脑[2，3]。多语言患者获得性言语问题可能会出现临床细微差别，强调解剖学病变和语言缺陷亚型之间的关系，无论是在第一语言，以及在他们的第二语言。重要的是，仔细了解每种语言的发病前使用史可能与了解这些受试者中后天语言缺陷的性质和程度特别相关。一个全面的床边语言评估的重要性是说明通过的情况下，法语-英语双语的人，缺血性中风后，成为失语症的英语（他的第二，虽然最常用的语言），而仍然相当胜任他的第一语言。我们描述了他的语言缺陷和病变的解剖分布，并讨论了它们在失语症诊断和脑损伤后语言恢复方面的相关性。（母语-L1：法语，第二语言-L2：英语），由爱丁堡利手问卷确定的右利手[4]，在注意到找词困难后24小时到我院急诊科就诊。他的妻子报告说，在讲英语时，法语单词经常被打断。她还报告了语音方面的失语症，比如说英语单词“glove”是“gland”。这种模式在讲法语时并不存在。当用英语写作时，他报告说感觉就像“用外语写作”一样。据报告，法语和英语理解能力未受影响。他否认运动、感觉或视觉症状。语言经验和能力问卷用于语言能力评估[5]。患者出生于阿尔及利亚，在法国长大。在他生命的前24年里，他生活在一个讲法语的国家。他在20多岁的时候开始学习英语，他估计在30岁左右就能说一口流利的英语。在过去的44年里，他一直生活在美国，并报告说，他80%的时间用英语进行书面交流，75%的时间用英语进行口头交流。他目前使用法语主要限于与家人互动。英语是他使用的语言
With increased rates of “globalization”, the proportion of individuals who speak more than one language is rapidly expanding, with a projected number of 47 million US citizens speaking at least two languages by 2030 [1]. As a result, language impairment in multilingual persons is likely to become a frequent clinical challenge. Multilingual brains do not merely function as multiple, simultaneous monolingual brains coexisting in one individual [2, 3]. Multilingual patients with acquired speech problems may present clinical nuances that underscore the relationship between anatomical lesions and subtypes of language deficits, both in the first as well as in their second languages. Importantly, a careful history of the premorbid use of each language may be particularly relevant to understand the nature and extent of the acquired language deficits in these subjects. The importance of a comprehensive bedside language assessment is illustrated through the case of a French–English bilingual person who, after an ischemic stroke, became aphasic in English (his second, albeit most frequently used language) while remaining fairly competent in his first language. We describe his language deficits and anatomical distribution of lesion, and discuss their relevance in the context of the diagnosis of aphasia and language recovery after brain injury.A 68-year-old bilingual male (native language—L1: French, second language—L2: English), right-handed as determined by the Edinburg handedness questionnaire [4], presented to the Emergency Department of our institution 24 h after noticing word-finding difficulties. His wife reported frequent intrusions of French words while speaking in English. She also reported phonological paraphasias, such as saying “gland” for the English word ‘glove’. This pattern was not present when speaking in French. When writing in English, he reported feeling as if he was “writing in a foreign language”. French and English comprehensions were reported to be unaffected. He denied motor, sensory, or visual symptoms. The Language Experience and Proficiency Questionnaire were used for language proficiency evaluation [5]. The patient was born in Algeria and raised in France. He lived in a French-speaking country during the first 24 years of his life. He started to learn English in his mid-late twenties and he estimates becoming fluent in English at around age 30. He has been living in the US for the past 44 years, and reports using English 80% of his time in written communication, and 75% for oral communication. His current use of French is mostly restricted to interacting with family. English is the language he employs