Nature, diversity and temporal-spatial distributions of sediment-hosted Pb–Zn deposits in China
Nature, diversity and temporal-spatial distributions of sediment-hosted Pb–Zn deposits in China
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DOI：
10.1016/j.oregeorev.2013.06.004
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Changming Wang;Jun Deng;E. Carranza;Xiangru Lai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Changming Wang;Jun Deng;E. Carranza;Xiangru Lai
沉积岩型铅锌矿床是我国重要的贱金属矿床类型，是Pb、Zn的主要来源和Ag、Ge的重要来源。本文重点讨论了MVT型（密西西比河谷型）、SEDEX型（沉积喷流型）和金顶型矿床，因为它们构成了中国沉积岩型铅锌矿床的主要亚型。本文从矿床的性质、多样性和地质背景、时空分布、构造控矿、成矿作用和C、O、S、Pb同位素地球化学等方面对这些与岩浆活动无明显成因联系的碳酸盐岩和硅质岩矿床进行了综述和重新评价。其中几个已知储量的矿床集中在八个主要成矿带。我国铅锌矿床的综合储量以秦岭成矿带最高，其次是华北北方缘、三江褶皱带、长江上游带、华南褶皱系、天山-北山带、长江下游带和祁连山带。在这些带中，沉积岩型铅锌矿床形成于多种构造环境，代表了20亿年地球历史中发生的一系列过程，但大规模成矿作用主要发生在元古代、晚古生代和新生代。元古宙对华北克拉通和扬子克拉通内部和沿着边缘的SEDEX型铅锌矿床的形成具有重要意义。关门山MVT存款是唯一已知的形成于元古代陆内盆地。晚古生代是中国MVT铅锌矿床的主要产出期，特别是泥盆纪至二叠纪，由于华北克拉通和华南克拉通的合并，MVT成矿作用显著。新生代是中国重要的成矿时代。如三江地区新生代兰坪盆地由被动边缘演化为开放洋盆，并经历了洋盆闭合、印-亚碰撞及逆冲推覆等构造活动，形成走滑拉张盆地，并发育金顶式矿床。
In China, sediment-hosted Pb―Zn deposits represent a significant type of base-metal deposits are major sources of Pb and Zn and significant sources of Ag and Ge. In this paper, we focus discussion on MVT (Mississippi Valley type), SEDEX (sedimentary exhalative) and Jinding-type deposits because they constitute the major subtypes of sediment-hosted Pb―Zn deposits in China. For these deposits, which occur in a wide variety of carbonate and siliciclastic rocks having no obvious genetic association with igneous activity, we present an overview and re-evaluation with regard to: (1) nature, diversity, and geological settings, (2) spatio-temporal distributions, (3) structural controls on mineralization, (4) metallogenic process, and (5) C, O, S and Pb isotope geochemistry. Several of these deposits with known reserves are concentrated in eight main metallogenic belts. Available data from these deposits in China show the highest combined Zn and Pb reserves exist in the Qinling Mountains metallogenic belt, followed by the northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC), the Sanjiang fold belt, the Upper Yangtze River belt, the South China fold system, the Tianshan–Beishan Mountains belt, the Lower Yangtze River belt, and the Qilian Mountains belt. In these belts, the sediment-hosted Pb―Zn deposits have formed in a variety of tectonic settings representing a range of processes that have occurred within two billion years of earth history, but large-scale mineralizations have occurred notably in the Proterozoic, Late Paleozoic and Cenozoic. The Proterozoic era was important for the formation of SEDEX Pb―Zn deposits such as those in the interior and along the edges of the NCC and Yangtze Craton. The Guanmenshan is the only known MVT deposit formed within an intra-continental basin in the Proterozoic era. The Late Paleozoic was a productive period for MVT Pb―Zn deposits in China; in particular, there were significant MVT mineralizations during Devonian to Permian as a result of the amalgamation of the NCC and the South China Craton. The Cenozoic was a significant metallogenic era in China. For example, in the Sanjiang area during the Cenozoic, the Lanping Basin has evolved from a passive margin to open ocean basin and then has experienced ocean basin closure followed by the India–Asia collision and related tectonic activities including thrusting, and formation of strike–slip extensional basins, in which the Jinding-type deposits developed.