Is increased male flower production a strategy for avoidance of predispersal seed predation in andromonoecious plants?
Is increased male flower production a strategy for avoidance of predispersal seed predation in andromonoecious plants?
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DOI：
10.1002/ece3.7468
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发表时间：
2021-05
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Shibata A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kudo G;Shibata A
被子植物的花性别在种群内和种群间往往不同。我们进行了一项实地调查，以测试预扩散种子捕食如何影响雌雄同株的高山草本植物多花前胡的性别分配。我们比较了三年来在高山草甸不同融雪条件下居住的九个种群的植株大小、雄花和完好花产量、座果率和种子捕食率。个体种群的花期从7月中旬到8月下旬不同，反映了融雪时间。尽管完好的花果产量随着植株大小的增加而增加，但雄花产量的大小依赖关系不太明显。早花群体的雄花数较多，晚花群体的完美花数较多。因此，男性偏向的性别分配在早花种群中很常见。不同种群和不同年份的坐果率不同，与花期无关。单株座果成功率随完美花数的增加而增加，但与雄花数无关。鳞翅目幼虫在早花种群对种子的捕食强烈，而在晚花种群则无捕食危害，反映了寄主植物开花时间与捕食者蛾产卵期的物候匹配程度。种子捕食率与单株雄花数和完美花数无关。因此，在每个种群中，种子捕食是一个随机事件。雄花比例与种群间种子捕食强度之间存在明显的相关性。这些结果表明，男性偏向的性别分配可能是一种减少种子捕食损害的策略，但作为花粉供体，在密集的种子捕食下保持这一努力。在雌雄同株的草本植物多花前胡中，雄花的比例随着种子预扩散捕食风险的增加而增加。这一反应可能是一种策略，以增加花粉供体在密集种子捕食下的适合度。
Floral gender in angiosperms often varies within and among populations. We conducted a field survey to test how predispersal seed predation affects sex allocation in an andromonoecious alpine herb Peucedanum multivittatum. We compared plant size, male and perfect flower production, fruit set, and seed predation rate over three years among nine populations inhabiting diverse snowmelt conditions in alpine meadows. Flowering period of individual populations varied from mid‐July to late August reflecting the snowmelt time. Although perfect flower and fruit productions increased with plant size, size dependency of male flower production was less clear. The number of male flowers was larger in the early‐flowering populations, while the number of perfect flowers increased in the late‐flowering populations. Thus, male‐biased sex allocation was common in the early‐flowering populations. Fruit‐set rates varied among populations and between years, irrespective of flowering period. Fruit‐set success of individual plants increased with perfect flower number, but independent of male flower number. Seed predation by lepidopteran larvae was intense in the early‐flowering populations, whereas predation damage was absent in the late‐flowering populations, reflecting the extent of phenological matching between flowering time of host plants and oviposition period of predator moths. Seed predation rate was independent of male and perfect flower numbers of individual plants. Thus, seed predation is a stochastic event in each population. There was a clear correlation between the proportion of male flowers and the intensity of seed predation among populations. These results suggest that male‐biased sex allocation could be a strategy to reduce seed predation damage but maintain the effort as a pollen donor under intensive seed predation. The proportion of male flowers increased with increasing risk of predispersal seed predation in an andromonoecious herb, Peucedanum multivittatum. This response might be a strategy to increase the fitness of pollen donors under intensive seed predation.
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影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Ehrlen, Johan;Raabova, Jana;Dahlgren, Johan P.
通讯作者：
Dahlgren, Johan P.
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Kameyama, Yoshiaki;Kudo, Gaku
通讯作者：
Kudo, Gaku
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Clarke, Gretel L.;Brody, Alison K.
通讯作者：
Brody, Alison K.
DOI：
10.2307/1551685
发表时间：
1991-11-01
期刊：
ARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH
影响因子：
--
作者：
KUDO, G
通讯作者：
KUDO, G
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Ehrlen, J
通讯作者：
Ehrlen, J