Association between malocclusion, caries and oral hygiene in children 6 to 12 years old resident in suburban Nigeria
Association between malocclusion, caries and oral hygiene in children 6 to 12 years old resident in suburban Nigeria
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DOI：
10.1186/s12903-019-0959-2
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发表时间：
2019-11-27
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kolawole, Kikelomo Adebanke;Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin
背景关于牙合错对龋齿和牙周病的影响，目前存在着相互矛盾的观点。本研究的目的是确定特定错牙合特征、龋齿、口腔卫生和牙周健康对6至12岁儿童的影响。方法采用入户调查方法。在495名参与者中评估了错牙合特征的存在。采用蛀牙、缺牙和补牙指数（dmft/ dmft）和牙髓受累、溃疡、瘘和脓肿指数（pufa/ pufa）评估龋病状况和严重程度。采用简化口腔卫生指数（OHI-S）和牙龈指数（GI）评估牙周健康状况。用卡方和逻辑回归分析确定错牙合特征、龋齿存在、口腔卫生不良和牙龈健康不良之间的关联。p < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果74名（14.9%）研究参与者患有龋齿，平均（SD） dmft/ dmft评分分别为0.27（0.82）和0.07(0.39)，平均（SD） pufa/ pufa指数评分分别为0.09（0.43）和0.02（0.20）。平均（SD） OHI-S评分为1.56(0.74)，平均（SD） GI评分为0.90（0.43）。口腔美观指数评分范围13 ~ 48分，平均（SD）评分20.7分（4.57分）。有拥挤（p = 0.026）和颊间牙合（p = 0.009）的受试者患龋的比例明显更高。盖流（p = 0.003）和前牙开咬（p = 0.008）增加的儿童患中度至重度牙龈炎的人数明显增加。口腔卫生差（OR: 1.83; CI: 1.05 ~ 3.18 p = 0.033）、拥挤（OR: 1.97; CI: 1.01 ~ 3.49; p = 0.021）和颊间牙合（OR: 6.57; CI: 1.51 ~ 28.51 p = 0.012）显著增加患龋的几率。口腔卫生不良（p < 0.001）、牙盖溢出增加（p = 0.003）和前牙开咬（p = 0.014）是与牙龈炎相关的唯一显著特征。结论拥挤和颊交叉咬合与龋病有关，而覆盖流和前开咬增加与牙龈炎有关。这些发现证明了推荐正畸治疗来改善口腔健康。
Background There are conflicting opinions about the contribution of malocclusions to the development of dental caries and periodontal disease. This study's aim was to determine the association between specific malocclusion traits, caries, oral hygiene and periodontal health for children 6 to 12 years old. Methods The study was a household survey. The presence of malocclusion traits was assessed in 495 participants. The caries status and severity were assessed with the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft/DMFT) index and the pulpal involvement, ulceration, fistula and abscess (pufa/PUFA) index. The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and Gingival Index (GI) were used to assess periodontal health. The association between malocclusion traits, the presence of caries, poor oral hygiene, and poor gingival health were determined with chi square and logistic regression analyses. Statistical significance was inferred at p < 0.05. Results Seventy-four (14.9%) study participants had caries, with mean (SD) dmft/DMFT scores of 0.27 (0.82) and 0.07 (0.39), respectively, and mean (SD) pufa/PUFA index scores of 0.09 (0.43) and 0.02 (0.20), respectively. The mean (SD) OHI-S score was 1.56 (0.74) and mean (SD) GI score was 0.90 (0.43). Dental Aesthetic Index scores ranged from 13 to 48 with a mean (SD) score of 20.7 (4.57). Significantly greater proportions of participants with crowding (p = 0.026) and buccal crossbite (p = 0.009) had caries. Significantly more children with increased overjet (p = 0.003) and anterior open bite (p = 0.008) had moderate to severe gingivitis. Poor oral hygiene (OR: 1.83; CI: 1.05-3.18 p = 0.033), crowding (OR: 1.97; CI: 1.01-3.49; p = 0.021) and buccal crossbite (OR: 6.57; CI: 1.51-28.51 p = 0.012) significantly increased the odds of having caries. Poor oral hygiene (p < 0.001), increased overjet (p = 0.003), and anterior open bite (p = 0.014) were the only significant traits associated with gingivitis. Conclusions Crowding and buccal cross bite were associated with caries, whereas increased overjet and anterior open bite were associated with gingivitis. These findings justify the recommendation of orthodontic treatment to improve oral health.