highlighted topics Exercise Effects on Muscle Insulin Signaling and Action Invited Review: Role of insulin in translational control of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle by amino acids or exercise
highlighted topics Exercise Effects on Muscle Insulin Signaling and Action Invited Review: Role of insulin in translational control of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle by amino acids or exercise
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发表时间：
2002
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通讯作者：
S. Kimball;P. Farrell;L. Jefferson
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文献类型：
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作者：
S. Kimball;P. Farrell;L. Jefferson
回顾：胰岛素在酸或运动对肌肉蛋白质合成的转化控制中的作用。 J 93：1168-1180，骨骼肌的合成根据各种刺激进行调节。最近受到广泛关注的两种刺激是增加氨基酸的可用性和锻炼。这两种效应子部分通过翻译起始的激活来刺激蛋白质合成。然而，在缺乏最低浓度的胰岛素的情况下，无法观察到翻译起始和蛋白质合成对任一效应子的完全反应。胰岛素与增加的氨基酸可用性或耐力运动相结合，部分通过激活核糖体蛋白 S6 蛋白激酶 S6K1 以及通过增强真核起始因子 eIF4G 与 eIF4E 的关联（促进 mRNA 与核糖体的结合）来刺激翻译起始和蛋白质合成。相比之下，胰岛素与抗阻运动相结合，通过增强鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换蛋白（称为 eIF2B）的活性来刺激翻译起始和蛋白质合成。在这两种情况下，产生效果所需的胰岛素量都很低，并且激素浓度接近在禁食动物中观察到的浓度就足以产生最大刺激。这篇综述总结了最近的一些研究结果，这些研究有助于我们目前对胰岛素、氨基酸和运动在骨骼肌蛋白质合成调节中相互作用的理解。
Review: Role of insulin in translational control of protein synthesis in muscle by acids or exercise. J 93: 1168–1180, synthesis in skeletal muscle is modulated in response to a variety of stimuli. Two stimuli receiving a great deal of recent attention are increased amino acid availability and exercise. Both of these effectors stimulate protein synthesis in part through activation of translation initiation. However, the full response of translation initi- ation and protein synthesis to either effector is not observed in the absence of a minimal concentration of insulin. The combination of insulin and either increased amino acid availability or endurance exercise stimulates translation initiation and protein synthesis in part through acti- vation of the ribosomal protein S6 protein kinase S6K1 as well as through enhanced association of eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4G with eIF4E, an event that promotes binding of mRNA to the ribosome. In contrast, insulin in combination with resistance exercise stimulates translation initiation and protein synthesis through enhanced activity of a guanine nucleotide exchange protein referred to as eIF2B. In both cases, the amount of insulin required for the effects is low, and a concentration of the hormone that approximates that observed in fasting animals is sufficient for maximal stimulation. This review summarizes the results of a number of recent studies that have helped to establish our present understanding of the interactions of insulin, amino acids, and exercise in the regulation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle.