The SARS, MERS and novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemics, the newest and biggest global health threats: what lessons have we learned?
The SARS, MERS and novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemics, the newest and biggest global health threats: what lessons have we learned?
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DOI：
10.1093/ije/dyaa033
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发表时间：
2020-06-01
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Haque, Ubydul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Peeri, Noah C.;Shrestha, Nistha;Haque, Ubydul
目的：利用前两次致命冠状病毒爆发的经验教训以及当前中国武汉新型冠状病毒 (COVID-19) 疫情的初步报告，概述三种主要致命冠状病毒，确定未来准备计划需要改进的领域，并对风险因素和阻止其传播的可行项目进行严格评估。方法：利用美国疾病控制和预防中心 (CDC，美国) 网站，并全面回顾 PubMed 文献，我们获得了有关临床体征的信息以及中东呼吸综合征（MERS）、严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）和COVID-19的症状、治疗和诊断、传播方法、防护方法和危险因素。对病毒进行了比较。结果：对情况紧迫性的风险评估不充分，以及中国境内对该病毒的报告有限，在一定程度上导致了 COVID-19 在整个中国大陆以及向邻近和遥远国家的迅速传播。与 SARS 和 MERS 相比，COVID-19 的传播速度更快，部分原因是全球化程度的提高和疫情的焦点。中国武汉是通过铁路连接中国北、南、东、西的大型枢纽和主要国际机场。转机航班的可用性、中国农历新年期间的疫情爆发时间以及位于武汉的大型轨道交通枢纽，使得该病毒能够在中国各地传播，并最终传播到全球。结论：我们的结论是，我们没有从前两次冠状病毒流行中吸取教训，也没有做好应对 COVID-19 流行所带来的挑战的准备。未来的研究应尝试解决物联网 (IoT) 技术在绘制感染传播地图方面的用途和影响。
Objectives: To provide an overview of the three major deadly coronaviruses and identify areas for improvement of future preparedness plans, as well as provide a critical assessment of the risk factors and actionable items for stopping their spread, utilizing lessons learned from the first two deadly coronavirus outbreaks, as well as initial reports from the current novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic in Wuhan, China.Methods: Utilizing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, USA) website, and a comprehensive review of PubMed literature, we obtained information regarding clinical signs and symptoms, treatment and diagnosis, transmission methods, protection methods and risk factors for Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and COVID-19. Comparisons between the viruses were made.Results: Inadequate risk assessment regarding the urgency of the situation, and limited reporting on the virus within China has, in part, led to the rapid spread of COVID-19 throughout mainland China and into proximal and distant countries. Compared with SARS and MERS, COVID-19 has spread more rapidly, due in part to increased globalization and the focus of the epidemic. Wuhan, China is a large hub connecting the North, South, East and West of China via railways and a major international airport. The availability of connecting flights, the timing of the outbreak during the Chinese (Lunar) New Year, and the massive rail transit hub located in Wuhan has enabled the virus to perforate throughout China, and eventually, globally.Conclusions: We conclude that we did not learn from the two prior epidemics of coronavirus and were ill-prepared to deal with the challenges the COVID-19 epidemic has posed. Future research should attempt to address the uses and implications of internet of things (IoT) technologies for mapping the spread of infection.