Taking stock of COVID-19 health status certificates: Legal implications for data privacy and human rights
Taking stock of COVID-19 health status certificates: Legal implications for data privacy and human rights
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DOI：
10.1177/20539517211069300
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发表时间：
2022-01-01
影响因子：
8.5
通讯作者：
Beduschi, Ana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Beduschi, Ana
在当前的大流行病期间采取的技术解决办法将对我们的社会产生持久的影响。目前，新冠肺炎健康状况证明正在世界各地部署，包括欧洲、美国和中国。与身份验证相结合，这些数字和纸质证书允许个人通过展示最近的新冠肺炎检测结果、完整的疫苗接种记录或新冠肺炎的康复证据来证明自己的健康状况。疫苗接种率较低的全球南方的大多数国家尚未完全实施这种证书，尽管目前正在采取几项举措。例如，非洲联盟就是这种情况。然而，仅开发新冠肺炎健康状态验证的技术解决方案是不够的。因为技术不是在法律真空中发展的，所以必须尊重现有的法律和法规。在进行任何大规模部署之前，必须尽可能预见和减轻实施这类技术的风险。在部署这些证书的整个过程中，风险缓解也应成为战略的基础。本文评估了新冠肺炎健康状况证书对数据隐私和人权的关键法律影响。通过这样做，它有助于目前的辩论，从而使这一领域的政策制定者了解到国家和国际的重大利益。
The technological solutions adopted during the current pandemic will have a lasting impact on our societies. Currently, COVID-19 health status certificates are being deployed around the world, including in Europe, the United States and China. When combined with identity verification, these digital and paper-based certificates allow individuals to prove their health status by showing recent COVID-19 tests results, full vaccination records or evidence of recovery from COVID-19. Most countries in the Global South, where vaccination rates are low, have not yet fully implemented such certificates, although several initiatives are currently underway. That is, for instance, the case in the African Union. Yet, it is not sufficient to develop technical solutions for the verification of COVID-19 health status. Because technologies do not evolve in a legal vacuum, the existing laws and regulations must be respected. The risks of implementing such technologies must be anticipated and mitigated as much as possible before any large-scale deployment. Risk mitigation should also underpin strategies throughout the deployment of these certificates. This article evaluates the key legal implications of COVID-19 health status certificates for data privacy and human rights. In doing so, it contributes to the current debates, thus informing policymakers in this area of vital national and international interest.