Social, Economic and Educational Status of the Muslim Community of India
Social, Economic and Educational Status of the Muslim Community of India
复制标题
印度穆斯林社区的社会、经济和教育状况
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Shariff
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Sachar;S. Hamid;T. Oommen;Basith;R. Basant;Akhtar Majeed;A. Shariff
《印度宪法》致力于公民平等，国家有责任维护、保护和确保少数民族在语言、宗教和文化方面的权利。这就是为什么我们的国家领导人在制定宪法时强调多样性中的统一原则。《联合国在民族、族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体的人的权利宣言》指出，促进和保护属于这种少数群体的人的权利有助于他们所居住国家的政治和社会稳定。满足他们的愿望和确保他们的权利，承认所有个人的尊严和平等，并促进参与性发展。这反过来又有助于缓解群体和个人之间的紧张关系。这些因素是稳定与和平的主要决定因素。所有发达国家和大多数发展中国家都适当重视照顾少数群体的利益。因此，在任何国家，少数群体对国家公正运作的信念和信心是对一个公正国家的严峻考验。随着经济发展进程的展开，如果出现不平等发展，某些群体或少数群体在发展进程中落后，压力就有可能积聚和加剧。理想的情况是，发展进程应消除或减少国内所有群体之间合作和相互尊重的经济和社会障碍。如果发展进程方向错误，可能会产生相反的效果。这一点很重要，需要加以解决，以便给少数群体以信心。自独立以来，印度取得了显著的增长和发展。它还成功地减少了贫困，提高了识字率、教育和健康水平等关键的人类发展指标。然而，有迹象表明，并非所有宗教社区和社会团体（以下称社会宗教社区和社会团体）都平等地分享了增长进程的好处。其中，穆斯林是该国最大的少数民族，占人口的13.4%，在大多数人类发展指标方面严重落后。虽然剥夺的感觉在穆斯林中很普遍，但自独立以来没有系统地努力分析该国宗教少数群体的状况。尽管有必要分析不同社区的社会经济和教育状况，但直到最近，政府机构都没有为这种分析提供适当的数据。在1990年代，有关工作人员代表委员会的数据收集范围发生了可喜的变化，这反过来又促成了本报告的编写。目前的努力是第一次对印度穆斯林进行基于数据的研究。
The Indian Constitution is committed to the equality of citizens and the responsibility of the State to preserve, protect and assure the rights of minorities in matters of language, religion and culture. That is why our national leaders while framing the Constitution, emphasized the doctrine of unity in diversity. The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National, Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities says that the promotion and protection of the rights of persons belonging to such minorities contribute to the political and social stability of the countries in which they live. Meeting their aspirations and ensuring their rights acknowledges the dignity and equality of all individuals and furthers participatory development. This in turn contributes to the lessening of tensions among groups and individuals. These factors are major determinants for stability and peace. All developed countries and most developing ones give appropriate emphasis to looking after the interests of minorities. Thus, in any country, the faith and confidence of the minorities in the functioning of the State in an impartial manner is an acid test of its being a just State. As the processes of economic development unfold, pressures are likely to build up and intensify when there is unequal development and some groups or minorities lag behind in the development process. Ideally, development processes should remove or reduce economic and social obstacles to cooperation and mutual respect among all groups in the country. If development processes are misdirected, they may have the opposite effect. It is this aspect which is important and needs to be addressed so as to give confidence to minorities. Since Independence, India has achieved significant growth and development. It as also been successful in reducing poverty and improving crucial human development indicators such as levels of literacy, education and health. There are indications, however, that not all religious communities and social groups (henceforth socio-religious communities SRCs) have shared equally the benefits of the growth process. Among these, the Muslims, the largest minority community in the country, constituting 13.4 per cent of the population, are seriously lagging behind in terms of most of the human development indicators. While the perception of deprivation is widespread among Muslims, there has been no systematic effort since Independence to analyze the condition of religious minorities in the country. Despite the need to analyze the socio-economic and educational conditions of different SRCs, until recently appropriate data for such an analysis was not generated by Government agencies. There have been welcome change in the scope of data collection with respect to SRCs in the 1990s, which, in turn, has made this report possible. The current effort is the first of its kind to undertake a data-based research on the Muslims in India.