Selection for discontinuous life-history traits along a continuous thermal gradient in the butterfly Aricia agestis
Selection for discontinuous life-history traits along a continuous thermal gradient in the butterfly Aricia agestis
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DOI：
10.1111/j.0307-6946.2005.00741.x
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发表时间：
2005-12-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Thomas, CD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burke, S;Pullin, AS;Thomas, CD
1.化性可以被概念化为发育速率和滞育时间的产物-这两个组成部分共同将逐渐的环境变化，通过生长和发育时期，转化为“世代单位”。这可能导致不同世代数的种群在滞育诱导和发育时间上的选择压力有很大差异.利用北威尔士一化性和二化性蝴蝶Aricia agestis（鳞翅目：灰蝶科）种群的发育数据，研究了幼虫发育时间和滞育时间，以及它们对发生在同一纬度和地理上沿温度梯度彼此沿着的种群的化性的贡献.同一纬度的univoltines和bivoltines诱导滞育的临界光周期相差1.5 h以上。这些种群之间的发育时间也有显着差异，这与预测bivoltines需要表现出更短的发育时间，以实现每年两个完整的世代。bivoltines较短的发展时间导致蛹的重量较低，这表明一代数和身体大小之间存在的权衡，可能会决定两个生活史策略之间的过渡区的位置。第三个人口的发展时间的分析，从英格兰南部，具有更大的热可用性比那些从北威尔士，进一步支持这一假设的权衡。为了实现从一化性到二化性的连续温度梯度到二元生物反应的转换，bivoltines加速发育，减小成虫的体型并改变其滞育诱导反应。
1. Voltinism may be conceptualised as the product of development rate and the timing of diapause - two components that together translate gradual environmental variation, through periods of growth and development, into 'generational units'. This may result in very different selection pressures on diapause induction and development time in populations with different numbers of generations per year.2. Developmental data from univoltine and bivoltine populations of the butterfly Aricia agestis (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in North Wales were used to examine larval development time and the timing of diapause, and their contribution towards voltinism in populations that occur at the same latitude and in geographic proximity to one another along a thermal gradient.3. The critical photoperiod for diapause induction in univoltines and bivoltines from the same latitude differed by more than 1.5 h.4. Development time also differed significantly between these populations, in line with predictions that bivoltines would need to exhibit shorter development times in order to achieve two complete generations per year. Shorter development times for bivoltines result in lower pupal weights, suggesting a trade-off exists between generation number and body size that may dictate the position of the transition zone between the two life-history strategies. Analysis of development times in a third population, from southern England, with greater thermal availability than those from North Wales, further supports this hypothesised trade-off.5. To achieve the conversion of a continuous thermal gradient into the binary biological response from univoltism to bivoltism, bivoltines speed up development, reduce adult body size and shift their diapause induction response.