Down the (White) Rabbit Hole: The Extreme Right and Online Recommender Systems
Down the (White) Rabbit Hole: The Extreme Right and Online Recommender Systems
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DOI：
10.1177/0894439314555329
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发表时间：
2015-08-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Cunningham, Padraig
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O'Callaghan, Derek;Greene, Derek;Cunningham, Padraig
除了托管用户生成的视频内容外，YouTube还提供推荐服务，根据共同访问次数和先前的观看历史等因素将相关和推荐的视频集呈现给用户。这篇文章特别涉及极端右翼(ER)视频内容，其中一些内容违反了仇恨法律，因此在某些国家是非法的，YouTube向一些用户推荐这些内容。我们根据在ER的学术文献中发现的各种模式对这些内容进行分类，然后将其用于演示YouTube推荐系统的政治表述，特别是缩小了用户接触的内容范围以及这一点的潜在影响。为此，我们使用了英语和德语ER YouTube频道的两个数据集，以及YouTube相关视频服务建议的频道。一个可以观察到的过程是，访问ER YouTube视频的用户可能会被推荐进一步的ER内容，导致在短短几次点击后沉浸在意识形态泡沫中。本文提供的证据支持一种转变，即将用户作为极端主义网络空间的内容创建者和主角，也将在线平台提供商视为这些空间的重要参与者。
In addition to hosting user-generated video content, YouTube provides recommendation services, where sets of related and recommended videos are presented to users, based on factors such as co-visitation count and prior viewing history. This article is specifically concerned with extreme right (ER) video content, portions of which contravene hate laws and are thus illegal in certain countries, which are recommended by YouTube to some users. We develop a categorization of this content based on various schema found in a selection of academic literature on the ER, which is then used to demonstrate the political articulations of YouTube's recommender system, particularly the narrowing of the range of content to which users are exposed and the potential impacts of this. For this purpose, we use two data sets of English and German language ER YouTube channels, along with channels suggested by YouTube's related video service. A process is observable whereby users accessing an ER YouTube video are likely to be recommended further ER content, leading to immersion in an ideological bubble in just a few short clicks. The evidence presented in this article supports a shift of the almost exclusive focus on users as content creators and protagonists in extremist cyberspaces to also consider online platform providers as important actors in these same spaces.