Fabrication of Microchannel Chemical Reactors Using a Metal Lamination Process
Fabrication of Microchannel Chemical Reactors Using a Metal Lamination Process
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-59738-1_6
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Matson;P. Martin;D. C. Stewart;A. Tonkovich;M. White;Jennifer L. Zilka;G. Roberts
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Matson;P. Martin;D. C. Stewart;A. Tonkovich;M. White;Jennifer L. Zilka;G. Roberts
将微通道阵列结合到小型化学处理设备中在改进反应区域的热控制方面具有显著的优势。在固体金属结构中制造高深宽比微通道的方法的发展是便携式和其他需要高温和/或高压能力的小型化学处理单元发展的重要一步。微通道阵列可用于促进反应区处的热移除或添加，或可用于在反应前预热气体。太平洋西北国家实验室(PNNL)的工作人员已经开发出一种方法，通过使用层压和扩散连接工艺来生产包含复杂微通道阵列的固体金属部件。该方法使用经过机械加工的金属垫片，以便当适当堆叠时，在层叠结构中产生交替的微通道和翅片。微通道的宽度由垫片材料的厚度确定，而通道的高度和长度由形成通道的垫片上的加工区域确定。通过使用光化学加工或冲压工艺，可以以每个垫片的低成本大量地完成垫片的加工。通过扩散连接，在高温和压力下将叠层叠层固结成坚固的、防泄漏的金属装置。使用该工艺形成的微通道阵列可以在成品器件的内部或外表面上制造。在PNNL生产的化学加工设备中，典型的微通道尺寸为250微米宽，5000微米深。层压工艺与板流结构相结合的应用可用于生产高度紧凑的化学处理单元。在PNNL使用这种方法生产的设备中，有催化燃料处理器和燃料蒸发器。文中将介绍和讨论采用层压/扩散连接工艺生产的全金属不锈钢微通道化学处理器件的实例。
Incorporation of microchannel arrays into small-scale chemical processing devices offers significant advantages in improving thermal control in the reaction region. Development of methods to produce high aspect ratio microchannels within solid metallic structures is an important step in the evolution of man-portable and other small-scale chemical processing units requiring high temperature and/or high pressure capabilities. Microchannel arrays can be used to facilitate heat removal or addition at the reaction zone or can be used to pre-heat gases prior to reaction. Staff at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) have developed a method for producing solid metal components incorporating complex microchannel arrays by using a lamination and diffusion bonding process. This method uses metal shims that have been machined such that, when properly stacked, alternating microchannels and fins are produced in the laminated structure. The widths of the microchannels are determined by the thickness of the shim material, and heights and lengths of the channels are determined by the machined areas on the shims forming the channels. Machining of the shims can be accomplished in large quantities at low cost per shim by using photochemical machining or stamping processes. Consolidation of the laminated stack into a solid, leak-tight metal device is accomplished at elevated temperature and pressure by diffusion bonding. Microchannel arrays formed using this process can be produced either on the interior of the finished device or on an exterior surface. Typical microchannel dimensions in chemical processing devices produced at PNNL are 250 microns wide by 5000 microns deep. Application of the lamination process combined with a sheet-flow architecture can be used to produce highly compact chemical processing units. Among the devices produced at PNNL using this method are catalytic fuel processors and fuel vaporizers. Examples of all-metal stainless steel microchannel chemical processing devices produced using the lamination/diffusion bonding process will be presented and discussed.