Topology optimization of hard-magnetic soft materials
Topology optimization of hard-magnetic soft materials
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jmps.2021.104628
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发表时间：
2021-10-30
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Zhang, Xiaojia Shelly
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zhao, Zhi;Zhang, Xiaojia Shelly
硬磁软材料是由嵌入硬磁颗粒的软基体构成的，由于其不受约束的控制能力、快速的响应能力和灵活的可编程性而引起了人们的极大兴趣。本工作引入了一个强大的拓扑优化框架，以指导大变形下具有精确可编程功能的硬磁软材料和结构的合理设计。该框架基于统一的设计参数化方案，能够同时优化拓扑结构、剩余磁化分布和外加磁场。因此，在解析梯度信息的指导下，我们的框架可以有效地探索整个设计空间，在相应的优化磁场下，搜索具有可编程变形和最大驱动等多个目标功能的优化结构。通过五个设计实例，我们展示了所提出的框架在生成优化形状编程元结构和机器人、磁致动器以及具有编码和自适应模式的单元格中的应用。我们展示了如何同时优化拓扑、磁化分布和外加磁场可以极大地提高设计的性能，并强调了考虑有限旋转运动学的重要性，以捕获与体扭矩相关的磁力对优化剩余磁化分布的影响。发现了各种性能相似但机制不同的优化磁响应设计，表明所提出的框架在生成具有高度可编程磁驱动行为的非常规设计方面的有效性。我们设想所提出的拓扑优化框架可以潜在地有益于广泛的磁响应应用的设计过程，例如软机器人，磁致动器和可编程超材料。
Hard-magnetic soft materials, which consist of soft matrix embedded with hard-magnetic particles, have attracted tremendous interests owing to their untethered control capability, rapid response, and flexible programmability. This work introduces a powerful topology optimization framework to guide the rational design of hard-magnetic soft materials and structures with precisely programmable functionalities under large deformations. Built upon a unified design parameterization scheme, the proposed framework is capable of simultaneously optimizing topology, remnant magnetization distribution, and applied magnetic fields. Thus, guided by the analytical gradient information, our framework can effectively explore the entire design space to search for optimized structures with multiple target functionalities, such as programmable deformations and maximized actuation, under the corresponding optimized magnetic fields. Through five design examples, we showcase applications of the proposed framework in generating optimized shape-programming metastructures and robots, magnetic actuators, and unit cells with encoded and adaptable modes. We demonstrate how simultaneous optimization in topology, magnetization distribution, and applied magnetic field can greatly improve the performance of a design, and highlight the importance of accounting for finite-rotation kinematics to capture the influence of body torque-related magnetic force on the optimized remnant magnetization distribution. Various optimized magnetic-responsive designs with comparable performances yet distinct mechanisms are discovered, showing the effectiveness of the proposed framework to generate unconventional designs with highly programmable magnetic-actuated behaviors. We envision that the proposed topology optimization framework can potentially benefit the design process in a wide spectrum of magnetic-responsive applications, such as soft robots, magnetic actuators, and programmable metamaterials.