Drivers of past and future Southern Ocean change: Stratospheric ozone versus greenhouse gas impacts

Drivers of past and future Southern Ocean change: Stratospheric ozone versus greenhouse gas impacts
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DOI:
10.1029/2011gl047120
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发表时间:
2011-06
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
M. Sigmond;M. C. Reader;J. Fyfe;N. Gillett
M. Sigmond;M. C. Reader;J. Fyfe;N. Gillett
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
M. Sigmond;M. C. Reader;J. Fyfe;N. Gillett

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我们研究了大气温室气体(GHG)和平流层臭氧浓度变化对过去(1960-2010年)和未来(2010-2100年)南大洋状况的不同影响。为此,我们采用了具有平流层化学相互作用的大气-海洋耦合模式。在我们的模型中,我们分别规定:i)单调增加到2100的温室气体;ii)臭氧消耗物质,在1995年迅速增加到最大值,然后在2100年左右缓慢恢复到1960年的值,遵循适度排放情景。在我们的模式中,过去的温室气体和消耗臭氧层物质的变化,在年平均中,向极地增强的表面风增强了亚极地经向海洋环流和南极绕极流(ACC)。未来温室气体引起的海洋变化几乎单调地持续到2100年,而消耗臭氧层物质引起的ACC输送在1995年消耗臭氧层物质最大值后几十年达到峰值,然后逆转。到21世纪第二季度,消耗臭氧层物质对ACC输送的影响超过了相应的温室气体影响,这一结果突出了经常被忽视的平流层臭氧趋势对海洋环流模拟的重要性。
We study the separate impacts of changing atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) and stratospheric ozone concentrations on past (1960–2010) and future (2010–2100) Southern Ocean conditions. To this end we employ a coupled atmosphere‐ocean model with interactive stratospheric chemistry. In our model we separately prescribe i) GHGs that monotonically increase to 2100 and ii) ozone depleting substances (ODSs) that rapidly increase to a maximum in 1995 and then slowly return to 1960 values around 2100, following moderate emission scenarios. Past GHG and ODS changes in our model drive, in about equal measure in the annual mean, poleward intensified surface winds which act to strengthen the sub polar meridional ocean circulation cell and Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Future GHG‐induced oceanic changes continue nearly monotonically to 2100, while the ODS‐induced ACC transport peaks, and then reverses, a couple of decades after the ODS maximum in 1995. The ODS impact on ACC transport exceeds the corresponding GHG impact up to the second quarter of the 21st century, a result that highlights the importance of often‐neglected stratospheric ozone trends for the simulation of the ocean circulation.