Long distance dispersal and evolution of talitrids (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) in the northeast Atlantic islands
Long distance dispersal and evolution of talitrids (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) in the northeast Atlantic islands
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大西洋东北部岛屿的长距离传播和进化（甲壳纲：片足纲：Talitridae）
DOI：
10.1080/00222933.2012.708458
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
D. Wildish
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Wildish
提出了一种线性的“岛屿”理论，以解释海洋/河口、潮上麻雀种群往返于大陆和真正的海洋岛屿上孤立的海岸“岛屿”的扩散。在扩散到与生态开阔的生境(包括亚热带森林凋落物和洞穴)相邻的海岸之后，可能会发生进化。因此，直线型“岛屿”理论的具体假说是：传统的浮木假说1--直接从海洋顶上浮木到亚热带森林凋落物；浮木假说2(A)--直接从海洋顶端浮木到亚热带森林凋落物；浮木假说2(B)--从海洋顶端浮木直接到海洋顶端上的洞穴；以及浮木假说2(C)--通过洞穴直接从海洋顶端浮木到亚热带森林凋落物。使用25°N以北、40°N以南的大西洋东北部岛屿，包括加那利群岛、马德拉群岛和亚速尔群岛的生态和分布数据，提出了支持每一种假设的间接证据。目前已知的所有这些岛屿的有蹄类动物包括15种：7种特有的亚热带陆蝉，2种同源引进的陆蝉，3种通科鱼类，1种挖沙专家，1种专家洞穴漏斗，1种专门的漂流木漏斗。根据阿塔努克群岛东北部的分布数据，专业浮木弹跳虫具有远距离传播能力，这使它们成为遥远海洋岛屿的潜在殖民者。塔利特提供了一个很好的扩散和物种形成模式，其进化路径可以用现代遗传方法解决。
A lineal “island” theory is proposed to account for the dispersal of marine/estuarine, supralittoral talitrid populations, both to and from isolated shore “islands” on continental and true oceanic islands. Evolution may occur following dispersal to shores that are contiguous with ecologically open habitats, inclusive of sub-tropical forest litter and caves. Specific hypotheses of the lineal “island” theory are therefore: the conventional wrack hypothesis 1 – direct from marine supralittoral wrack to subtropical forest litter; the driftwood hypothesis 2(a) – direct from marine supralittoral driftwood to subtropical forest litter; the driftwood hypothesis 2(b) – direct from the marine supralittoral driftwood to caves opening on a marine supralittoral; and the driftwood hypothesis 2(c) – direct from the marine supralittoral driftwood via caves to subtropical forest litter. Circumstantial evidence supporting each hypothesis is presented using the ecology and distribution data of the talitrid fauna of the northeast Atlantic islands, north of 25°N and south of 40°N, including the Canaries, Madeira and the Azores archipelagos. The currently known talitrid fauna of all these islands includes 15 species: seven endemic, subtropical landhoppers, two synanthropically introduced landhoppers, three wrack generalists, one sand-burrowing specialist, one specialist cavehopper, and one specialist driftwood hopper. Based on distributional data from the northeastern Atantic islands, specialist driftwood hoppers have a long distance dispersal capability, which makes them potential colonizers of distant oceanic islands. Talitrids provide an excellent model of dispersal and speciation, whose evolutionary pathways can be solved by modern genetic methods.