How Chronic Self-Views Influence (and Mislead) Self-Assessments of Task Performance: Self-Views Shape Bottom-Up Experiences With the Task
How Chronic Self-Views Influence (and Mislead) Self-Assessments of Task Performance: Self-Views Shape Bottom-Up Experiences With the Task
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DOI：
10.1037/a0017452
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发表时间：
2009-12-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Dunning, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Critcher, Clayton R.;Dunning, David
对任务表现的自我评估可以利用自上而下的信息来源（关于一个人在任务中的能力的先入为主的观念）和自下而上的线索（一个人对任务本身的具体经验）。过去的研究表明，自上而下的自我观点可能会误导绩效评估，但尚未具体说明产生这种影响的确切心理机制。在4个实验中，作者测试了自我观点影响绩效评估的假设，首先塑造自下而上的经验与任务，这反过来又通知绩效评估的看法。与这一假设相一致，一个相关的自上而下的信念影响性能估计只有当学习之前，但不是之后，完成一项任务（研究1），和措施的自下而上的经验被发现调解自上而下的信念对一个人的能力和性能评估之间的联系（研究2-4）。此外，对客观可定义的自下而上线索的感知（即，解决问题所需的时间）比实际时间的流逝更能被相关的自我观点所预测。
Self-assessments of task performance can draw on both top-down sources of information (preconceived notions about one's ability at the task) and bottom-up cues (one's concrete experience with the task itself). Past research has suggested that top-down self-views can mislead performance evaluations but has yet to specify the exact psychological mechanisms that produce this influence. Across 4 experiments, the authors tested the hypothesis that self-views influence performance evaluations by first shaping perceptions of bottom-up experiences with the task, which in turn inform performance evaluations. Consistent with this hypothesis, a relevant top-down belief influenced performance estimates only when learned of before, but not after, completing a task (Study 1), and measures of bottom-up experience were found to mediate the link between top-down beliefs about one's abilities and performance evaluations (Studies 2-4). Furthermore, perception of an objectively definable bottom-up cue (i.e., time it takes to solve a problem) was better predicted by a relevant self-view than the actual passage of time.