Reframing High-Quality Public Preschool as a Vehicle for Narrowing Child Health Disparities Based on Family Income.
Reframing High-Quality Public Preschool as a Vehicle for Narrowing Child Health Disparities Based on Family Income.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.acap.2020.07.004
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发表时间：
2021-04
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Castle S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martin A;Johnson AD;Castle S
过去的研究表明，高质量的公立学前教育可能不成比例地支持低收入儿童的入学准备，因为低收入儿童往往在入学时缺乏成功所需的学术技能。这表明人类发展中存在一个补偿过程，在这个过程中，从促进因素中受益最多的儿童是那些将获得最多利益的儿童。我们认为，高质量的公立幼儿园可能同样会给低收入儿童带来最大的健康回报，这些儿童的健康状况通常比同龄人差。如果这是真的，学前教育有可能缩小收入方面的健康差距，如果不进行干预，这种差距将持续到成年。到目前为止，还没有人清楚地阐明高质量的公立学前教育可以改善儿童健康的所有途径，更不用说那些应该不成比例地使低收入家庭受益的途径了。借鉴人类发展的生物生态学范式，我们提出了一个模型，确定可能促进儿童健康公平的具体机制。这些机制反映了高质量公立学前教育的核心特征，这些特征可能对低收入儿童的健康带来不成比例的好处。该模型可作为未来研究计划的工作模板。
Past research shows that high-quality public preschool may disproportionately support low-income children’s school readiness, because low-income children tend to arrive at school with fewer of the academic skills needed for success. This suggests a compensatory process in human development in which the children who benefit most from a promotive factor are those who stand to gain the most. We propose that high-quality public preschool may similarly confer its greatest health rewards to low-income children, who are generally in poorer health than their peers. If that is true, preschool has the potential to narrow health disparities by income, which without intervention, persist into adulthood. To date, no one has articulated all the pathways through which high-quality public preschool may improve children’s health, much less those that should disproportionately benefit those from low-income families. Drawing on the bioecological paradigm of human development, we propose a model identifying specific mechanisms likely to promote equity in child health. These mechanisms reflect core characteristics of high-quality public preschool that may disproportionately benefit low-income children’s health. This model serves as a working template for a program of future research.