Dynamic vapor generator that simulates transient odor emissions of victims entrapped in the voids of collapsed buildings.
Dynamic vapor generator that simulates transient odor emissions of victims entrapped in the voids of collapsed buildings.
复制标题
动态蒸汽发生器，模拟被困在倒塌建筑物空隙中的受害者的瞬时气味散发。
DOI：
10.1021/ac404175e
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
C. L. Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Statheropoulos;G. Pallis;K. Mikedi;S. Giannoukos;A. Agapiou;A. Pappa;A. Cole;Wolfgang Vautz;C. L. Thomas
介绍了动态蒸汽发生器的设计、开发和验证。该发生器模拟倒塌建筑物空隙中被困受害者发出的人类气味（气味）。该设备的验证是使用参考检测器进行的：配备脉冲采样（PS-MS）系统的四极杆质谱仪。进行了一系列实验来评估模拟器的性能，定义不同因素的类型和权重，并提出设备的进一步优化。所开发的设备能够以可控且可重复的方式（相对标准偏差，RSD < 11%）在 ppbv 至低 ppmv 浓度下产生稳定和瞬态的气味特征，并允许排放持续时间长达 30 分钟。此外，通过方差分析 (ANOVA) 工具评估了影响其最佳性能的因素（即蒸发室温度、通过混合室的空气流量、通过蒸发室的空气流量和化合物类型），揭示了优化发生器的后续步骤。开发的模拟器还可能满足现场校准和评估分析设备（例如气相色谱仪、离子迁移谱仪、质谱仪、传感器、电子鼻）性能的需求。此外，它还有助于更好地训练城市搜救 (USaR) 犬只。
The design, development, and validation of a dynamic vapor generator are presented. The generator simulates human scent (odor) emissions from trapped victims in the voids of collapsed buildings. The validation of the device was carried out using a reference detector: a quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with a pulsed sampling (PS-MS) system. A series of experiments were conducted for evaluating the simulator's performance, defining types and weights of different factors, and proposing further optimization of the device. The developed device enabled the production of stable and transient odor profiles in a controllable and reproducible way (relative standard deviation, RSD < 11%) at ppbv to low ppmv concentrations and allowed emission durations up to 30 min. Moreover, the factors affecting its optimum performance (i.e., evaporation chamber temperature, air flow rate through the mixing chamber, air flow rate through the evaporation chamber, and type of compound) were evaluated through an analysis of variance (ANOVA) tool revealing the next steps toward optimizing the generator. The developed simulator, potentially, can also serve the need for calibrating and evaluating the performance of analytical devices (e.g., gas chromatographers, ion mobility spectrometers, mass spectrometers, sensors, e-noses) in the field. Furthermore, it can contribute in better training of urban search and rescue (USaR) canines.