Managing Soil Microorganisms to Improve Productivity of Agro-Ecosystems
Managing Soil Microorganisms to Improve Productivity of Agro-Ecosystems
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DOI：
10.1080/07352680490433295
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发表时间：
2004-03
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
G. Welbaum;A. V. Sturz;Z. Dong;J. Nowak
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Welbaum;A. V. Sturz;Z. Dong;J. Nowak
从历史上看，农业生产一直依赖于旨在管理养分、水、杂草和作物病害的做法。精准农业和虫害综合管理方案更进一步，认识到需要在田间需要投入的地方进行定向投入。这些计划的主要目标一直是将集约农业实践对环境的不利影响降至最低，并降低单位生产成本。本文对文献进行了综述，考察了与农业生产有关的微生物(主要是细菌)种群的操纵，并讨论了涉及农业生态系统微生物精确管理的新方法。有人提出，通过开发“智能”田间技术，我们对植物-土壤相互作用的理解可以得到极大的改善，在这种技术中，可以使用实时的、计算机控制的电子诊断设备来监测根际和植物健康。我们认为，“智能田地”产生的信息可以用来为及时和低水平的生产干预开出药方，从而避免传统的淹没作物维护和土壤畜牧业的方法。因此，预计对农业土壤环境的影响较小。最大限度地提高生产效率还将涉及开发专门为利用有益的植物-微生物组合而培育的作物品种。
Historically, agricultural production has relied on practices designed to manage nutrients, water, weeds, and crop diseases. Precision agriculture and integrated pest management programs have gone one step further by recognizing the need to target inputs where they are required in the field. The major objective of these programs has been to minimize adverse environmental impacts of intensive agriculture practices and reduce per unit production costs. This review surveys the literature, examining the manipulation of microbial (primarily bacterial) populations as linked to agricultural production, and discusses new approaches that involve the precision management of microorganisms in the agro-ecosystem. It is proposed that our understanding of plant–soil interactions can be greatly refined through the development of “smart” field technology, where real-time, computer-controlled electronic diagnostic devices can be used to monitor rhizosphere and plant health. We submit that “smart field” generated information could be used to develop a prescription for timely and low-level production interventions that will avoid the traditional inundative approaches to crop maintenance and soil husbandry. Consequently, a lesser impact on the agricultural soil environment is envisioned. The maximization of production efficiencies will also involve the development of crop cultivars that are bred specifically to capitalize on beneficial plant–microbial associations.