Dynamic Processes in Regulation and Some Implications for Biofeedback and Biobehavioral Interventions
Dynamic Processes in Regulation and Some Implications for Biofeedback and Biobehavioral Interventions
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DOI：
10.1007/s10484-013-9217-6
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发表时间：
2013-06-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Eddie, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lehrer, Paul;Eddie, David
系统论在心理学、生物学和社会学中的应用由来已久。本文应用控制系统建模的新方法来评估系统在健康和疾病中的稳定性。控制系统可以描述为具有反馈回路的开放系统或闭环系统。反馈产生振荡活动，而自然产生的振荡模式的复杂性反映了反馈机制的多样性，因此许多机制同时运行以控制系统。不稳定的系统通常与健康状况不佳有关，其特征是没有振荡、随机噪声或非常简单的振荡模式。这种建模方法可以应用于一系列不同的现象，包括心血管和大脑活动、情绪和体温调节以及社会系统稳定性。疾病、心理压力、伤害或人际冲突等外部系统应激源可能会扰乱系统，但同时也会刺激振荡过程和运动控制机制。在具有负反馈回路的系统中可能会发生共振，导致在单一频率上的高幅度振荡。共振效应可以用来加强调制振荡，但可能会掩盖其他信息和控制机制，并削弱系统的稳定性。正反馈环路和负反馈环路对系统的功能和稳定性都很重要。列举了心率变异性的振荡过程，以及自主神经、体温、胰腺和中枢神经系统过程的调节，以及婚姻和商业组织等社会/组织系统中的振荡过程。负反馈环中的共振可以帮助刺激振荡和运动控制反射，但也可能剥夺系统的重要信息。从这一方法得出的经验假设被提出，包括适度的压力可以增强健康和功能。
Systems theory has long been used in psychology, biology, and sociology. This paper applies newer methods of control systems modeling for assessing system stability in health and disease. Control systems can be characterized as open or closed systems with feedback loops. Feedback produces oscillatory activity, and the complexity of naturally occurring oscillatory patterns reflects the multiplicity of feedback mechanisms, such that many mechanisms operate simultaneously to control the system. Unstable systems, often associated with poor health, are characterized by absence of oscillation, random noise, or a very simple pattern of oscillation. This modeling approach can be applied to a diverse range of phenomena, including cardiovascular and brain activity, mood and thermal regulation, and social system stability. External system stressors such as disease, psychological stress, injury, or interpersonal conflict may perturb a system, yet simultaneously stimulate oscillatory processes and exercise control mechanisms. Resonance can occur in systems with negative feedback loops, causing high-amplitude oscillations at a single frequency. Resonance effects can be used to strengthen modulatory oscillations, but may obscure other information and control mechanisms, and weaken system stability. Positive as well as negative feedback loops are important for system function and stability. Examples are presented of oscillatory processes in heart rate variability, and regulation of autonomic, thermal, pancreatic and central nervous system processes, as well as in social/organizational systems such as marriages and business organizations. Resonance in negative feedback loops can help stimulate oscillations and exercise control reflexes, but also can deprive the system of important information. Empirical hypotheses derived from this approach are presented, including that moderate stress may enhance health and functioning.