Holocene landscape dynamics at the tell Arslantepe, Malatya, Turkey – Soil erosion, buried soils and settlement layers, slope and river activity in a middle Euphrates catchment
Holocene landscape dynamics at the tell Arslantepe, Malatya, Turkey – Soil erosion, buried soils and settlement layers, slope and river activity in a middle Euphrates catchment
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DOI：
10.1177/0959683614540949
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发表时间：
2014-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Dreibrodt;C. Lubos;J. Lomax;G. Sipos;T. M. Schroedter;O. Nelle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Dreibrodt;C. Lubos;J. Lomax;G. Sipos;T. M. Schroedter;O. Nelle
对史前阿斯兰特普周围的冲积和堆积序列进行了11次曝光和额外的螺旋岩芯研究。年表基于11个光激发发光(OSL)年龄、4个放射性碳年龄和埋藏的人工制品。沉积物中含有木炭，提供了有关以前植被的信息。河流活动记录在冰川晚期(15.4±2.5，12.8±3.1 Kyr)，并在罗马时代之后频繁。坡度和土壤侵蚀发生在全新世早期(10.6±1.4，8.2±0.7 kyr)和中晚期(6.7±0.9，5.4±0.7~4.7±0.7，2.6±0.2~2.5±0.2，1.9±0.2~1.8±0.2 kyr，近1000年)。全新世早期的侵蚀阶段早于迄今在Tell建立的定居点的开始。这要么表明农业土地利用比假设的更早，要么表明气候对侵蚀的影响，例如西欧已知的10.3和8.2KYR气候事件。5.0Kyr和2.6Kyr左右的侵蚀阶段可能反映了Arslantepe的地貌对社会崩溃(晚期Chalcolite状态，新赫梯王国)的响应。最严重的全新世土壤侵蚀和景观退化发生在罗马帝国占领该地区之后。这与河流活动的开始是平行的。新赫梯人下层城镇的一部分以及早期全新世迅速形成的类似Terra Rossa的土壤被发现被掩埋。到目前为止，直到罗马时代，还没有发现邻近小溪中晚全新世河流活动的迹象。我们的结果表明，在安纳托利亚长期重建人类诱导的景观变化方面，斜坡沉积具有巨大的潜力。
Alluvial and colluvial sequences were studied around the prehistoric tell Arslantepe in 11 exposures and additional auger cores. The chronology is based on 11 optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages, four radiocarbon ages, and the embedded artifacts. Sediments contained wood charcoals, providing information on former vegetation. Fluvial activity is documented during Late Glacial times (15.4 ± 2.5, 12.8 ± 3.1 kyr) and frequently after Roman times. Slope and soil erosion occurred in the early (10.6 ± 1.4, 8.2 ± 0.7 kyr) and mid–late Holocene (6.7 ± 0.9, 5.4 ± 0.7–4.7 ± 0.7, 2.6 ± 0.2–2.5 ± 0.2, 1.9 ± 0.2–1.8 ± 0.2 kyr, and during the last 1000 years). The early Holocene erosion phases pre-date the so far established onset of settlement at the tell. This either indicates an earlier onset of agricultural land use than assumed or climatic influence on erosion, such as the 10.3 and 8.2 kyr climate events known from Western Europe. The erosion phases at around 5.0 and 2.6 kyr could reflect geomorphic responses to societal collapse (Late Chalcolithic state, Neo-Hittite kingdom) at Arslantepe. Most intensive Holocene soil erosion and landscape degradation occurred after occupation of the region by the Roman Empire. This is paralleled by the onset of river activity. A part of the lower neo-Hittite town as well as an early Holocene Terra Rossa–like soil that had formed rapidly were found buried. So far, no indication for mid–late Holocene fluvial activity of the adjacent creeks until Roman times has been found. Our results illustrate the large potential of slope deposits for long term reconstructions of human induced landscape transformation in Anatolia.